scholarly journals Rainfall-triggered debris flows: triggering-propagation modelling and application to an event in Southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 833 (1) ◽  
pp. 012106
Author(s):  
G La Porta ◽  
A Leonardi ◽  
M Pirulli ◽  
F Castelli ◽  
V Lentini
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Propagation Modelling

scholarly journals Debris-flow susceptibility assessment through cellular automata modeling: an example from 15–16 December 1999 disaster at Cervinara and San Martino Valle Caudina (Campania, southern Italy)

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Iovine ◽  
S. Di Gregorio ◽  
V. Lupiano
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Debris Flow Susceptibility

Abstract. On 15–16 December 1999, heavy rainfall severely stroke Campania region (southern Italy), triggering numerous debris flows on the slopes of the San Martino Valle Caudina-Cervinara area. Soil slips originated within the weathered volcaniclastic mantle of soil cover overlying the carbonate skeleton of the massif. Debris slides turned into fast flowing mixtures of matrix and large blocks, downslope eroding the soil cover and increasing their original volume. At the base of the slopes, debris flows impacted on the urban areas, causing victims and severe destruction (Vittori et al., 2000). Starting from a recent study on landslide risk conditions in Campania, carried out by the Regional Authority (PAI –Hydrogeological setting plan, in press), an evaluation of the debris-flow susceptibility has been performed for selected areas of the above mentioned villages. According to that study, such zones would be in fact characterised by the highest risk levels within the administrative boundaries of the same villages ("HR-zones"). Our susceptibility analysis has been performed by applying SCIDDICA S3–hex – a hexagonal Cellular Automata model (von Neumann, 1966), specifically developed for simulating the spatial evolution of debris flows (Iovine et al., 2002). In order to apply the model to a given study area, detailed topographic data and a map of the erodable soil cover overlying the bedrock of the massif must be provided (as input matrices); moreover, extent and location of landslide source must also be given. Real landslides, selected among those triggered on winter 1999, have first been utilised for calibrating SCIDDICA S3–hex and for defining "optimal" values for parameters. Calibration has been carried out with a GIS tool, by quantitatively comparing simulations with actual cases: optimal values correspond to best simulations. Through geological evaluations, source locations of new phenomena have then been hypothesised within the HR-zones. Initial volume for these new cases has been estimated by considering the actual statistics of the 1999 landslides. Finally, by merging the results of simulations, a deterministic susceptibility zonation of the considered area has been obtained. In this paper, aiming at illustrating the potential for debris-flow hazard analyses of the model SCIDDICA S3–hex, a methodological example of susceptibility zonation of the Vallicelle HR-zone is presented.

Effect of antecedent-hydrological conditions on rainfall triggering of debris flows in ash-fall pyroclastic mantled slopes of Campania (southern Italy)

Landslides ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Napolitano ◽  
F. Fusco ◽  
R. L. Baum ◽  
J. W. Godt ◽  
P. De Vita
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Ash Fall

scholarly journals Multiple Effects of Intense Meteorological Events in the Benevento Province, Southern Italy

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Revellino ◽  
Luigi Guerriero ◽  
Neri Mascellaro ◽  
Francesco Fiorillo ◽  
Gerardo Grelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
The Town ◽  
Flooded Areas

In October 2015, two intense rainfall events hit the central and southern regions of Italy and triggered a combination of different and widespread effects, including floods, landslides, and soil erosion. These outcomes devastated about 68 municipalities of the Benevento province (Campania region), killed two people, and caused millions of euros worth of damage to structures, infrastructures, and agriculture. The town of Benevento was one of the sectors most affected by overflow. Extensive areas characterized by flyschoid outcrops experienced widespread occurrences of soil erosion and landslides, and destructive, high-velocity debris flows (about 50) afflicted areas that had experienced heavy rainfall of higher intensity (total rainfall of 415.6 mm). In this study, the characteristics of these rainfall events and related geomorphological processes were determined by (i) analyzing the available rainfall data to identify the spatial pattern, distribution, and statistical characteristics of the two storms and (ii) mapping the storm effects, such as flooded areas, landslide types, and soil erosion. These effects were then related to the spatial distribution of the storms and the local geological and geomorphologic settings that drove their initiation and development.

scholarly journals Rainstorm Magnitude and Debris Flows in Pyroclastic Deposits Covering Steep Slopes of Karst Reliefs in San Martino Valle Caudina (Campania, Southern Italy)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2274
Author(s):  
Guido Leone ◽  
Pasquale Clemente ◽  
Libera Esposito ◽  
Francesco Fiorillo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Standard Normal Distribution ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Steep Slopes

Debris flows that have occurred in the area of San Martino Valle Caudina (Campania, Southern Italy) are described by geomorphological and hydrological analyses, focusing on the recent event of December 2019. This area can be considered a key example for studying debris-flow phenomena involving the pyroclastic mantle that covers the karstified bedrock along steep slopes. A hydrological analysis of the time series of the maximum annual rainfall, of durations of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, was carried out based on a new approach to assess rainstorm magnitude. It was quantified by measuring the deviation of the rainfall intensity from the normal conditions, within a specified time period. As the time series of annual maxima are typically skewed, a preliminary transformation is needed to normalize the distribution; to obtain the Z-value of the standard normal distribution, with mean µ = 0 and standard deviation σ = 1, different probability distribution functions were fitted to the actual data. A specific boxplot was used, with box width Z = ±1 and whiskers length Z = ±2. The deviations from these values provide the performance of the distribution fits. For the normalized time series, the rates shown by the trends and relative significance were investigated for the available time series of 11 rain gauges covering the Western–Central Campania region. The most critical condition for the debris-flow initiation appears to occur when a severe or extreme rainfall has a duration ≥ 12 h. The trend analysis did not detect statistically significant increases in the intensity of the rainfall of duration ≥ 6 h.

scholarly journals The landslides of 5 May 1998 in Campania, Southern Italy- are they natural disasters or also man-induced phenomena?

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Maria Guadagno
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Slip Surface ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Cut Slope ◽  
Limestone Bedrock ◽  
Rock Interface ◽  
Colluvial Soils ◽  
Severe Destruction

Following an intense and prolonged rainfall, debris flows occurred in the Sarno-Quindici region on 4 and 5 May 1998. They took place in an area where recent pyroclastic materials mantle the Mesozoic limestone bedrock. The debris flows extended up to 4 km into the surrounding lowlands and reached four towns causing severe destruction. Generally, they initiate as debris slides or debris avalanches, involving pyroclastic horizons and colluvial soils (0.5-2 m thick) on steep and vegetated slopes at the heads of gullies. These failures, whose slip surface generally coincides with the soil and rock interface, transformed very rapidly to debris flows. Whilst the rainfall was undoubtedly a dominant factor in all of the instabilities, a large number of initial failures occurred where tracks have recently been cut into the pyroclastic veneers. These tracks interrupted the morphological and hydrogeological features of the slopes. The tracks had the cut slope angle significantly higher than that of already steep natural slope. It is thought, therefore, that these conditions have been the main cause of a great number of failures, and, therefore, the origin of the catastrophic flows concentrated within an area of 70 square kilometres.

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