Fulfilling Eucalyptus raw materials for pulp and paper production plants

Abstract Eucalyptus is one of the major species used for pulp and paper industry. As industries develop, the need for Eucalyptus supply increases. However, there are challenges plantation companies must specifically determining eucalyptus market price potential risks in eucalyptus plantation and how eucalyptus plantation impacts the surrounding environment.. Stakeholders on eucalyptus supply chain have risks which have to be mitigated. The eucalyptus seedling and developer and the supplier hold crucial role in providing good quality eucalyptus raw material for pulp and paper production plants. This research is conducted to explore on ways to mitigate each stakeholders risk, challenges plantation companies face in fulfilling eucalyptus raw material for pulp and paper production plants. There are four stakeholders in eucalyptus supply chain: eucalyptus seedling developer and seller, supplier, distribution centre and pulp and paper production plants. Some of the major risk stakeholders are facing in eucalyptus supply chain are: early cut of eucalyptus trees, farmers’ lack of understanding on growing eucalyptus properly, small stem size, fluctuating eucalyptus wood price and low stock quantity. Some of the minor risk stakeholders are facing: earthquake, over fertilization, overwatering, cold climate, and plant setting. There are four methods used to determine eucalyptus pricing: cost-based pricing, customer-based pricing, competition-based pricing, and statutory pricing. Eucalyptus consume high amount of water which can cause dry areas around eucalyptus plantation area and low groundwater reservoir.

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Eucalyptus plantation and its integrated supply chain in pulp and paper mill

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 912 (1) ◽

pp. 012096

Author(s):

N Sembiring ◽

H L Napitupulu ◽

M T Sembiring ◽

A I Sipahutar ◽

C A Tarigan

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Distribution Centers ◽

Paper Production ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Eucalyptus Wood ◽

Limited Supply ◽

Increasing Demand

Abstract Nowadays, demand of the pulp and paper production increases quickly. That increasing demand has led to demanding of eucalyptus plantation. That is why eucalyptus plantation has rapidly expanded and became the most planted tree species across the world over the last century. Not only because its unique characteristics, increasing of eucalyptus plantation also happened because its growing gives a socio-economic benefits, industrial benefits, and environmental impacts. However, increasing demand of eucalyptus certainly make availability of eucalyptus being determined, known as limited supply chain. Due to the increasing demand and limited supply chain, the eucalyptus wood supply should managed, by integrated the supply chain well. In this research study, the supply chain of eucalyptus wood for pulp and paper industry was diagnosed and divided into three degree, there are direct supply chain, extended supply chain, and ultimate supply chain. Four main stakeholders in this chain identified consisted of the eucalyptus seedling developers and sellers, the suppliers, the distribution centers, and the pulp and paper production plants.

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Pulp and paper production from oil palm empty fruit bunches: A current direction in Malaysia

Journal of Agricultural and Food Engineering - March 2020 ◽

10.37865/jafe.2020.0017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-9

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Natural Fibre ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cellulose Fibres ◽

Paper Production ◽

Paper Making

The pulp and paper industry is advanced rapidly since there are many types of raw materials containing cellulose fibres that could be used to produce different kinds of paper by different methods in the mills. In Malaysia, one of the abundant non-wood materials for pulp and paper production is empty fruit bunch (EFB) from the oil palm. The EFB is the main fibrous residue and natural fibre which has promising potential as an alternative to replace woody materials. This study provides insight into the use of EFB as an alternative non-wood fibre resource in pulp and paper making. The potential of oil palm EFB transformed into valuable fibre material was elaborated. In this review, detailed information on the properties of EFB for pulp and paper making process to identify the chemical composition and fibre morphology were discussed. Recent advanced applications including nanocellulose from EFB, polymeric hydrogel, and antimicrobial papers were discussed to demonstrate high commercialization for pulp and paper technology. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been employed due to the high complexity of paper products. The future trends and challenges regarding the use of EFB in pulp and paper making were also reviewed. This study demonstrated that the EFB has met the demand of the market chains as a potential raw material in paper making and manufacturing.

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Agricultural Residues as an Alternative Source of Fibre for the Production of Paper in Kenya-A Review

Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences ◽

10.9734/ajocs/2021/v10i119084 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-37

Author(s):

John Odhiambo Otieno ◽

Treezer Nelly Okumu ◽

Morelly Adalla ◽

Fredrick Ogutu ◽

Boniface Oure

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Raw Material ◽

Paper Production ◽

Wood Fibres ◽

Paper And Pulp ◽

Pulp Production

The pulp and paper industry is primarily dependent on fibrous wood for pulp and paper production. However, this over-dependence on fibrous wood poses serious environmental challenges such as the diminishing of the fibrous wood stocks, deforestation, emission of greenhouse gases, and global warming. Therefore, to mitigate these environmental challenges associated with its utilization for paper and pulp production, other sustainable raw material sources can also be considered for the production of paper and pulp. There are enormous benefits associated with the utilization of non-wood fibres as an alternative and sustainable raw materials source for the production of paper and pulp. These benefits have in the recent past prompted millers in China, India, Brazil, and the USA to consider the utilization of non-wood fibres in paper and pulp production. In Kenya, the pulp and paper industry is very much dependent on fibrous wood for production and the industry is yet to fully embrace the utilization of nonwood fibres for paper and pulp production. Further, the dependence on fibrous wood has contributed significantly to the decline of paper pulp and paper production, deforestation, and rise in paper importations due to insufficient raw material supplies. The importation of paper and pulp products has further led to the collapse of the paper industry in Kenya. The sector stands a chance of revival and vibrancy through the utilization of the abundant agricultural residues and feedstocks lying in the agricultural fields across the country. Similar experiences elsewhere have proved that the abundance of agricultural waste can be utilized for the production of paper and pulp due to their excellent fibre content for specialty papers, and easy pulpability. The agricultural residues are therefore considered a quintessential alternative and sustainable source of raw materials for the pulp and paper industry. Moreover, their utilization will mitigate environmental impacts such as deforestation, climate change, and pollution .

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