scholarly journals Agricultural Residues as an Alternative Source of Fibre for the Production of Paper in Kenya-A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
John Odhiambo Otieno ◽  
Treezer Nelly Okumu ◽  
Morelly Adalla ◽  
Fredrick Ogutu ◽  
Boniface Oure
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Paper And Pulp ◽  
Pulp Production

The pulp and paper industry is primarily dependent on fibrous wood for pulp and paper production. However, this over-dependence on fibrous wood poses serious environmental challenges such as the diminishing of the fibrous wood stocks, deforestation, emission of greenhouse gases, and global warming. Therefore, to mitigate these environmental challenges associated with its utilization for paper and pulp production, other sustainable raw material sources can also be considered for the production of paper and pulp. There are enormous benefits associated with the utilization of non-wood fibres as an alternative and sustainable raw materials source for the production of paper and pulp. These benefits have in the recent past prompted millers in China, India, Brazil, and the USA to consider the utilization of non-wood fibres in paper and pulp production. In Kenya, the pulp and paper industry is very much dependent on fibrous wood for production and the industry is yet to fully embrace the utilization of nonwood fibres for paper and pulp production. Further, the dependence on fibrous wood has contributed significantly to the decline of paper pulp and paper production, deforestation, and rise in paper importations due to insufficient raw material supplies. The importation of paper and pulp products has further led to the collapse of the paper industry in Kenya. The sector stands a chance of revival and vibrancy through the utilization of the abundant agricultural residues and feedstocks lying in the agricultural fields across the country. Similar experiences elsewhere have proved that the abundance of agricultural waste can be utilized for the production of paper and pulp due to their excellent fibre content for specialty papers, and easy pulpability. The agricultural residues are therefore considered a quintessential alternative and sustainable source of raw materials for the pulp and paper industry. Moreover, their utilization will mitigate environmental impacts such as deforestation, climate change, and pollution .

Non-Wood Fiber as an Alternative to Wood Fiber in Chinas Pulp and Paper Industry

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Hammett ◽  
Robert L. Youngs ◽  
Xiufang Sun ◽  
Mudit Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Chinese Market

Summary The pulp and paper industry in China has been growing rapidly as the nation's population and economy have grown. As a result, there has been a huge demand for pulp and paper raw materials. China has a long tradition for using non-wood raw materials for pulp and paper due to its limited forest resources and rich supply of agricultural residues and non-wood plants. Agricultural residues, such as rice straw and wheat straw, are traditional raw materials for China's paper industry. Massive plantation of bamboo provides an increasingly important source of raw material for pulp and paper. Problems with non-wood fiber include collection and transportation, storage and handling, washing, bleaching, papermaking, and chemical recovery. Small mills, primary users of non-wood fiber, are typically deficient in pollution control and subject to government closure. This paper reviews non-wood fibers commonly used in China's pulp and paper industry. By increased knowledge of use of non-wood fibers, wood suppliers can plan for access to the growing Chinese market.

scholarly journals Pulp and paper production from oil palm empty fruit bunches: A current direction in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Paper Making

The pulp and paper industry is advanced rapidly since there are many types of raw materials containing cellulose fibres that could be used to produce different kinds of paper by different methods in the mills. In Malaysia, one of the abundant non-wood materials for pulp and paper production is empty fruit bunch (EFB) from the oil palm. The EFB is the main fibrous residue and natural fibre which has promising potential as an alternative to replace woody materials. This study provides insight into the use of EFB as an alternative non-wood fibre resource in pulp and paper making. The potential of oil palm EFB transformed into valuable fibre material was elaborated. In this review, detailed information on the properties of EFB for pulp and paper making process to identify the chemical composition and fibre morphology were discussed. Recent advanced applications including nanocellulose from EFB, polymeric hydrogel, and antimicrobial papers were discussed to demonstrate high commercialization for pulp and paper technology. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been employed due to the high complexity of paper products. The future trends and challenges regarding the use of EFB in pulp and paper making were also reviewed. This study demonstrated that the EFB has met the demand of the market chains as a potential raw material in paper making and manufacturing.

scholarly journals RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY OF CARDBOARD AND PAPER PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
VITA HALYSH ◽  
IRYNA DEYKUN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard

Nowadays, the products of domestic enterprises of the pulp and paper industry are 80% made from secondary raw materials – recycling paper, which negatively affects its quality, narrows the range and limits the scope of use. This state of the industry connected with the lack of domestic production of cellulose fibrous products. The raw material problem of the pulp and paper industry of Ukraine can be solved by using annual plants and wastes of crop processing for the production of fibrous materials for various purposes. Rapeseed stalks can be considered as a promising raw material to meet the needs of the pulp and paper industry. The aim of the work is to study the physical and mechanical properties of writing paper and cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard, which contain cellulose fibers of rapeseed stalks. This paper presents the results of research of sizes of elementary cellulose fibers from rapeseed stalks. Studies of the fractional composition showed that 70% of cellulose fibers from rapeseed have a length in the range of 0.02 to 0.81 mm and only 30% have a length exceeding 1 mm. To study the effect of cellulose content from rapeseed stalks in the composition of writing paper, paper samples of 80 g/m2 were prepared at different ratios of cellulose from non-wood raw materials to coniferous cellulose. Studies have shown that the surface of paper made of non-wood pulp has a high smoothness and uniform lumen and is more elastic compared to paper made of bleached coniferous sulfate pulp. According to the results of physical and mechanical tests, it can be concluded that the increase in the content of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks in the composition of writing paper leads to a decrease in all physical and mechanical properties of the paper. To study the effect of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks in a cardboard composition for flat layers of corrugated cardboard, cardboard samples of 175 g/m2 were made. Recycling paper of MS-6B was used as a bottom layer, and non-wood pulp as a surface layer of cardboard. The ratio of recycling paper to non-wood pulp in laboratory samples of cardboard was 80:20 mass %. According to the results, it can be concluded that the use for the surface layer of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks allows to obtain cardboard with strength values that fully meet the requirements for cardboard of K-1 type. In general, it was shown that non-wood rapeseed pulp can be used to replace more expensive sulfate bleached coniferous pulp in the production of writing paper and cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard as a surface layer.

Non-wood fibers as raw material for pulp and paper industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam S. Abd El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed El-Sakhawy ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Monem El-Sakhawy
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractPulp and paper industry in the world have been growing fast. As a result, there has been a massive request for pulp and paper raw materials. The raw materials used in papermaking can be classified into three groups: wood, non-wood, and recycled wastepaper. The Non-wood raw material is an important fiber resource in the regions where forest resources are limited. The current usage of non-wood plant fibers, as rice straws, corn stalks, cotton stalks, and bagasse would play a chief role in increasing papermaking raw materials. Using of non-wood plant fibers in the paper industry associated with some problems, including collection, transportation, storage and handling, washing, bleaching, papermaking, chemical recovery, supply of raw material and the properties of finished paper. Recently, a high-tech innovation in all the fields of papermaking has made non-wood more reasonable with wood as a raw material for papermaking. Although till now, use of non-wood fibers for pulp and paper manufacture was focused in countries with limited wood supply, it is now showing a growing effort even in countries with acceptable wood source due to environmental concerns. Consequently, the future of non-wood plant fibers as pulping and papermaking raw material looks bright.

scholarly journals YOUNG WOOD OF SPRUCE AND BIRCH – COMPLETE RAW MATERIAL FOR PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Фирдавес (Firdaves) Харисовна (Kharisovna) Хакимова (Khakimova) ◽  
Роман (Roman) Рашидович (Rashidovich) Хакимов (Khakimov) ◽  
Ольга (Ol'ga) Алексеевна (Аlekseevna) Носкова (Noskova)
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Cooking Liquor

The work is devoted to increase in complexity of use of wood raw materials – one of the most important directions in solution to complying with the modern requirements of rational environmental management and environmental protection.Features of impregnation by bisulfite sulfite cooking acid and regularities of bisulfite delignification of young and ripe fir-tree and birch wood have been investigated. It is shown that young thin wood of both breeds becomes impregnated by bisulfite sulfite cooking acid much quicker, than ripe. The nature of delignification processes for young and ripe wood are identical, however intensity of processes is much lower for young wood.It has been established that cellulose derived from young wood is ground easier and has higher mechanical strength rates than from ripe. However cellulose from young wood is dehydrated slightly more difficultly and has the increased water-retaining what is connected with differences in sizes and properties of fibers of young and ripe wood.Cellulose yields of young and ripe wood differ insignificantly. Cellulose from young birch wood characterized by a somehow lowered owing due to the higher content of knots of this wood.Young wood is dignified by bisulfite cooking liquor without difficulties, but slightly more slowly in comparison with the corresponding ripe wood breed. The research results showed that the young (thin) fir-tree and birch wood of which is formed at cleaning cutting is the considerable reserve stock of wood raw materials which can be successfully utilized fibrous semi-finished products production, in particular in bisulfite cellulose.

Processes and problems of pulp and paper industry: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Pathak ◽  
Chhavi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The pulp and paper industry is a highly energy-intensive and water-consuming industry. This industry is known for the utilization of a wide range of raw materials, containing cellulose fibers (generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues), for the production of various grades of paper. There are several processes involved in the conversion of raw materials to the paper product such as raw material preparation, pulping, pulp washing and screening, bleaching, stock preparation, papermaking and chemical recovery. All the processes are facing issues regarding process efficiency, product quality, energy & water consumption, and cost and environment. There is a need for further improvement and upgrading the technologies but the scale of operations, technological obsolesce and cost of implementing new technologies are some of the major issues. The main thrust areas of pulp and paper processing require major interventions in the adoption of green and clean technologies.

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

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