Alternatives how to mitigate urban flooding and CSO in urbanized areas used in European cities and towns

Abstract Urban flooding and combined sewer overflow in city, or town areas represents potential risk in environmental, economic, or social aspects. The goal of this study is to process and evaluate efficiency of individual solutions to reduce occurrence of flooding in urban areas caused by intense rainfall events. The known conventional solutions are stormwater chambers, or storage drains. The new trend in reduction of stormwater drainage into combined sewer system are parts of blue-green infrastructure. Blue-green infrastructure represents environmental urban infrastructure which consists of sensitively selected urban vegetation combined with ingenious hydrological elements of urban city drainage. The study also deals with experimental usage of decentralized real time control, based on a gossip-based algorithm of moveable gates in sewage network. Experiment was proposed for drainage system of the city of Cosenza in Italy. Evaluation will assess application value of individual proposed solutions for the reduction of combined sewer overflow for Slovak republic and its urban cities, or towns.

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Correlation of combined sewer overflow reduction due to real-time control and resulting effect on the oxygen concentration in the river

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0504 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. Rauch ◽

P. Harremoës

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Drainage System ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Combined Sewer Overflow ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Time Control ◽

Resulting Effect ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflow

Real-time control of the sewer system is a frequently applied measure for the abatement of pollution caused by urban runoff in the receiving water. Although the goal is an improvement of the water quality the actual aim of real-time control is usually formulated as the reduction/avoidance of combined sewer overflow. However, testing a virtual drainage system by means of a three-month rain series, hardly any correlation between the combined sewer overflow reduction and the resulting effect on the oxygen concentration in the river has been found. The efficiency of real-time control for pollution abatement by means of artificial performance criteria has to be doubted.

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Implementing green infrastructure for stormwater management and combined sewer overflow control

International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development ◽

10.1504/ijesd.2021.10040031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Layane Christine Vieira ◽

Betina Frigotto De Lima ◽

Jo�ão Vitor Erlacher De Figueiredo ◽

Sara Coimbra Da Silva ◽

Manuella Fagundes Bet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Stormwater Management ◽

Combined Sewer Overflow ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflow ◽

Overflow Control

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Correlation of combined sewer overflow reduction due to real-time control and resulting effect on the oxygen concentration in the river

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.1016/s0273-1223(98)00337-0 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Combined Sewer Overflow ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Time Control ◽

Resulting Effect ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflow

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REAL–TIME CONTROL OF COLLECTION SYSTEM TO REDUCE COST OF COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW LONG–TERM PLAN : A CASE STUDY

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864700784608531 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2000 (12) ◽

pp. 506-522

Author(s):

Martin Pleau ◽

Geneviève Pelletier ◽

Christiane Marcoux ◽

Pierre Lavallée

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Combined Sewer Overflow ◽

Collection System ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflow

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The Potential of Real Time Control to reduce Combined Sewer Overflow

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1995.0013 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 223-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Broks ◽

A. Geenen ◽

F. Nelen ◽

P. Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Mathematical Optimization ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Combined Sewer Overflow ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Rule Based ◽

Time Control ◽

Storage Volume ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflow

The potential of Real Time Control (RTC) to reduce the overflow volume from a combined sewer system has been investigated for a catchment in Copenhagen, named Strandvaenget. The results have been compared with the alternative of increasing the storage volume of the system. The RTC strategy has been derived using a mathematical optimization and a rule based method. As the only objective is to reduce the Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO), the developed rule based control algorithm can achieve almost the same results as the optimization method. From the results of time series calculations, it can be concluded that the introduction of RTC appears very promising when the mean yearly CSO volume has to be reduced. In this research, the potential of RTC is investigated for an increasing amount of storage volume and for an increasing demand for reduction of CSO volume.

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Real Time Control in Part of Copenhagen

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0303 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 209-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jørgen Jens Linde-Jensen

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Combined Sewer Overflow ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Sewer System ◽

Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflow

The application of real-time control to the sewer system in a district of Copenhagen is described. It enables the storage capacity of the sewer system to be better utilised, thus minimizing combined sewer overflow pollution.

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Evaluating Cryptosporidium and Giardia concentrations in combined sewer overflow

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2006.0013 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 157-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Russell D. Arnone ◽

Joyce Perdek Walling

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

System Capacity ◽

Combined Sewer Overflow ◽

Water Contact ◽

Detection Frequency ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflow

Since the first identified Cryptosporidium outbreaks occurred in the 1980s and the massive 1993 Milwaukee, WI outbreak affected more than 400,000 people, the concern over the public health risks linked to protozoan pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia has grown. Cryptosporidium and Giardia, found in streams, rivers, groundwater, and soil, form hardy, disinfection-resistant oocysts and cysts. Both organisms are recognized causative agents of gastrointestinal illnesses linked to the consumption of contaminated surface or groundwater. This study, the first in a planned series to estimate the urban contribution to the total Cryptosporidium and Giardia receiving-water loads, focused on combined sewer overflow (CSO). CSOs are discharges of mixed untreated sewage and stormwater released directly into receiving waters during rainfall. This engineered relief is necessary to accommodate hydraulic strain when the combined rain and sanitary flows exceed the system capacity. Limited comprehensive data are available assessing the CSO discharge contribution as a source of these two pathogens. Works by States et al. and Gibson et al. each found Cryptosporidium and much greater Giardia concentrations in CSOs draining parts of Pittsburgh, PA. This project estimated the relative detection frequency and concentration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in CSO. Analytical results were obtained using a modification of Method 1623, originally developed for much cleaner environmental samples. These data are useful for drinking water treatment plants located downstream of CSOs. It is also significant in determining the potential concentrations of parasites at treatment plant intakes and for assessing health risks for water contact and fishing activities. Commonly monitored indicator organisms (total coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli, Enterococcus, and fecal streptococcus), endospores, and selected physical and chemical parameters were analyzed to further describe the samples. CSO from urban areas was not found to be a significant contributor of Cryptosporidium, however, it was found to be a Giardia source.

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