Influence of Long-Term Fertilization on Spore Density and Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brown Soil

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the predominant type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and rhizosphere soil of grass species worldwide. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressure, but it is not yet clear how grazing intensity and host plant grazing preference by large herbivores interact with soil- and root-associated AMF communities. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community composition of AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant perennial grasses grazed differently by livestock change in response to grazing intensity. We conducted a study in a long-term field experiment in which seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities were maintained for 13 years in a typical steppe grassland in northern China. We extracted DNA from the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinense (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn, with contrasting grazing preference by sheep. AMF DNA from root and soil samples were then subjected to molecular analysis. Our results showed that AMF α-diversity (richness) at the virtual taxa (VT) level varied as a function of grazing intensity. Different VTs showed completely different responses along the gradient, one increasing, one decreasing and others showing no response. Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family along the grazing gradient, which fits well with the theory of disturbance tolerance of this group. In addition, sheep grazing preference for host plants did not explain a considerable variation in AMF α-diversity. However, the two grass species exhibited different community composition in their roots and rhizosphere soils. Roots exhibited a lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity within the AMF community than soils. Overall, our results suggest that long-term grazing intensity might have changed the abundance of functionally-diverse AMF taxa in favor of those with disturbance-tolerant traits. We suggest our results would be useful in informing the choice of mycorrhizal fungi indicator variables when assessing the impacts of grassland management choices on grassland ecosystem functioning.

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Molecular diversity and spore density of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in acid sulfate soil in Thailand

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s13213-010-0142-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 383-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Masao Higo ◽

Katsunori Isobe ◽

Dong-Jin Kang ◽

Tomiya Maekawa ◽

Ryuichi Ishii

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Molecular Diversity ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Spore Density ◽

Acid Sulfate Soil ◽

Acid Sulfate

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Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Simulated Climate Changes by Reciprocal Translocation in Tibetan Plateau

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4329946 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 488-493

Author(s):

Zhaoyong SHI ◽

Xubin YIN ◽

Bede MICKAN ◽

Fayuan WANG ◽

Ying ZHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Reciprocal Translocation ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Spore Density ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Colonization Frequency

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered as an important factor in predicting plants and ecosystem responses to climate changes on a global scale. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest region on Earth with abundant natural resources and one of the most sensitive region to climate changes. To evaluate the complex response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density to climate changes, a reciprocal translocation experiment was employed in Tibetan Plateau. The reciprocal translocation of quadrats to AM colonization and spore density were dynamic. Mycorrhizal colonization frequency presented contrary changed trend with elevations of quadrat translocation. Colonization frequency reduced or increased in majority quadrats translocated from low to high or from high to low elevation. Responses of colonization intensity to translocation of quadrats were more sensitive than colonization frequency. Arbuscular colonization showed inconsistent trend in increased or decreased quadrat. Vesicle colonization decreased with changed of quadrat from low to high elevations. However, no significant trend was observed. Although spore density was dynamic with signs of decreasing or increasing in translocated quadrats, the majority enhanced and declined respectively in descent and ascent quadrat treatments. It is crucial to understand the interactions between AM fungi and prairie grasses to accurately predict effects of climate change on these diverse and sensitive ecosystems. This study provided an opportunity for understanding the effect of climate changes on AM fungi.

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Community Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Roots ofPoncirus trifoliataandCitrus reticulataBased on SSU rDNA

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/562797 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peng Wang ◽

Yin Wang

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Spore Density ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Trifoliate Orange ◽

Hyphal Length

Morphological observation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species in rhizospheric soil could not accurately reflect the actual AMF colonizing status in roots, while molecular identification of indigenous AMF colonizing citrus rootstocks at present was rare in China. In our study, community of AMF colonizing trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliataL. Raf.) and red tangerine (Citrus reticulataBlanco) were analyzed based on small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes. Morphological observation showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, spore density, and hyphal length did not differ significantly between two rootstocks. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 173 screened AMF sequences clustered in at least 10 discrete groups (GLO1~GLO10), all belonging to the genus ofGlomusSensu Lato. Among them, GLO1 clade (clustering with uncultured Glomus) accounting for 54.43% clones was the most common in trifoliate orange roots, while GLO6 clade (clustering withGlomus intraradices) accounting for 35.00% clones was the most common in red tangerine roots. Although, Shannon-Wiener indices exhibited no notable differences between both rootstocks, relative proportions of observed clades analysis revealed that composition of AMF communities colonizing two rootstocks varied severely. The results indicated that native AMF species in citrus rhizosphere had diverse colonization potential between two different rootstocks in the present orchards.

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Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Upland Field Soil of Japan: 2. Spore Density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Infection Ratio in Soybean and Maize Fields

Plant Production Science ◽

10.1626/pps.11.171 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Katsunori Isobe ◽

Hanae Sugimura ◽

Takashi Maeshima ◽

Ryuichi Ishii

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Spore Density ◽

Field Soil ◽

Upland Field

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Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Asri Subkhan Mahulette ◽

Anggra Alfian ◽

ABDUL KARIM KILKODA ◽

IMELDA JEANETTE LAWALATA ◽

DESSY ARIYANI MARASABESSY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Spore Density ◽

Wild Type ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Spore Count ◽

Spore Number ◽

Total Spore Count

Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Kilkoda KA, Lawalata IJ, Marasabessy DA, Tanasale VL, Makaruku MH. 2021. Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3613-3619. Forest clove is classified as wild-type and endemic to the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, Indonesia. The different condition of growing areas causes various types of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) associated with forest clove. The study aimed to identify and obtain indigenous AMF inoculums from the forest clove rhizosphere from two distribution areas in Maluku. The results of AMF identification found two types of spores from the genus Glomus in the rhizosphere of forest cloves from Ambon Island with a spore density of 35/50 g of soil. In comparison, three spores were found in Seram Island, two from the genus Scutellospora and one from the Acaulospora. With an overall spore density of 5/50 g of soil. After culture trapping, there was a change in type and an increase in spore density in soil samples from the rhizosphere of the two forest clove distribution areas. Soil samples from Ambon after trapping culture obtained two new types of spores from the genus Acaulospora with a total spore number of 57/50 g soil while in soil samples from Seram found three new types of spores from the genus Glomus with a total spore count of 104/50 g of soil.

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