Universal Periodic Review: a New System of International Law with Specific Ground Rules?

2011 ◽  
pp. 609-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Tomuschat
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Universal Periodic Review ◽  
New System

3. Human rights foreign policy and the role of the United Nations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Universal Periodic Review ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The United Nations

How are human rights put into practice? What does it mean when governments announce that their foreign policy is concerned with promoting and protecting human rights? Where is the enforcement of these rights? ‘Human rights foreign policy and the role of the United Nations’ considers human rights in terms of foreign policy and international law and examines the UN’s Universal Periodic Review process and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. It is only recently that governments have actively involved themselves in how another state treats its nationals, but enthusiasm for human rights in foreign policy ebbs and flows.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Ottoman History ◽  
New System

This chapter frames the arguments of the book, defines terms, and outlines the story that will follow. In the eighteenth century, the Ottoman state and its Russian rival, through conflict and diplomacy, worked out a new system of regional international law. Ransom was abolished; soldiers became prisoners of war; some slaves gained new paths to release, while others were left entirely unprotected. These rules delineated sovereignty, redefined individuals’ relationships to states, and prioritized political identity over economic value. In the process, the Ottomans marked out a parallel, non-Western path toward elements of modern international law. This story has important implications, the Introduction argues, for our understanding of Ottoman history and the histories of both international law and slavery and abolition.

scholarly journals The Legal Status of Archipelagos in the International Law of the Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p189
Author(s):  
Maher Gamil Aboukhewat
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
New System

The archipelagic States, which attempt to extend their control over the waters surrounding their islands, are demanding the establishment of a legal system for archipelagos in order to preserve their interests, their maritime wealth and their regional security. On the other hand, there are the great maritime States that hold on to the freedom of the sea and international navigation.The problems raised by the islands constituting the archipelago did not stand at the end of sovereignty disputes and their right to their own maritime areas, but many other problems were associated with the presence of archipelagic islands. The measurement of marine areas of archipelagic islands requires a description of how the baselines from which these areas are measured are to be drawn. Also, the measurement of marine areas of the islands of individual problems is different from those raised by the presence of the islands in the form of an archipelago. Drawing baselines also varies according to the archipelagic islands site, and whether they are located in front of the coast regions or at the entrances to the bays in these coasts, or were located in the sea or ocean.These problems remained subject to international controversy and tension until a new system of archipelagic State was adopted under Part IV of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982, which represents a very important renewal of the international law of the sea.

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