Status of collaborative drug therapy management in the United States, March 2004

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine how frequently children's hospitals in the United States are using pharmacist-physician collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM), and to characterize their use in this population. METHODS: A phone survey was created to collect data regarding the use of pharmacist-physician CDTM at children's hospitals. Children's hospitals were called between February 2014 and April 2014. Data were collected from either a clinical pharmacist or pharmacy director. Pharmacists were asked to answer questions regarding hospital demographics as well as to what extent and for which medications they use CDTM. Differences between types of hospitals were evaluated using Fisher exact test. RESULTS: A total of 171 children's hospitals were identified; 51.5% hospitals (n = 88) completed the survey. Of the 88 hospitals that completed the survey, 32 (31.7%) had some level of CDTM in place. Of the 28 children's hospitals with CDTM in place that completed the survey, all allowed pharmacists to modify doses and monitor therapy, and 75% provided pharmacists with the ability to initiate the first dose. The specific medications that were included in the CDTM protocols in children's hospitals included vancomycin (n = 23), aminoglycosides (n = 22), anticoagulation medications (n = 7), and total parenteral nutrition (n = 3). Training was required for pharmacists to participate in CDTM protocols at most hospitals (n = 26). Lack of support from medical staff was the most common perceived barrier. No differences were identified between types of children's hospitals. CONCLUSION: CDTM protocols are practiced in about one third of the children's hospitals. Pharmacists commonly initiate, monitor, and modify therapies as part of these protocols. The most frequently included medications were vancomycin and aminoglycosides.

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Review of Survey Articles Regarding Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Services/Programs in the United States

Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/0897190012442715 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 457-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Abiola O. Oladapo ◽

Karen L. Rascati

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Drug Therapy ◽

Web Sites ◽

The United States ◽

Medication Therapy Management ◽

Pharmacy Students ◽

Therapy Management ◽

Medication Therapy ◽

General Drug ◽

Keyword List

Objective: To provide a summary of published survey articles regarding the provision of medication therapy management (MTM) services in the United States. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify original articles on MTM-related surveys conducted in the United States, involving community and outpatient pharmacists, physicians, patients, or pharmacy students and published by the primary researchers who conducted the study. Search engines used included PubMed, Medline, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA). If MTM was in the keyword list, mesh heading, title, or abstract, the article was reviewed. References from these articles were searched to determine whether other relevant articles were available. Results: A total of 405 articles were initially reviewed; however, only 32 articles met the study requirements. Of the 32 articles, 17 surveyed community/outpatient pharmacists, 3 surveyed pharmacy students, 4 surveyed physicians, and 8 surveyed patients. The survey periods varied across the different studies, with the earliest survey conducted in 2004 and the most recent survey conducted in 2009. The surveys were conducted via the telephone, US mail, interoffice mail, e-mails, Internet/Web sites, hand-delivered questionnaires, and focus groups. Conclusion: Despite the identified barriers to the provision of MTM services, pharmacists reportedly found it professionally rewarding to provide these services. Pharmacists claimed to have adequate clinical knowledge, experience, and access to information required to provide MTM services. Pharmacy students were of the opinion that the provision of MTM services was important to the advancement of the pharmacy profession and in providing patients with a higher level of care. Physicians supported having pharmacists adjust patients’ drug therapy and educate patients on general drug information but not in selecting patients’ drug therapy. Finally, patients suggested that alternative ways need to be explored in describing and marketing MTM services for it to be appealing to them.

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Implementation of a Hepatitis C Collaborative Drug Therapy Management Service in an HIV Ambulatory Care Clinic

INNOVATIONS in pharmacy ◽

10.24926/iip.v9i1.987 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Maria Sorbera ◽

Cathleen Mathew ◽

Shannon Christy Ramdeen

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Drug Therapy ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Interdisciplinary Team ◽

The United States ◽

Pharmacy Services ◽

Management Service ◽

Care Clinic ◽

Therapy Management ◽

Drug Therapy Management

Purpose: Being the leading cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become a growing public health threat within the United States. Of those individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), approximately 25% are co- infected with HCV. Establishment of a hepatitis C collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) service can expand the role of pharmacists in an interdisciplinary team improving health outcomes for an underserved HIV/HCV co-infected patient population. Summary: In 2016, physicians and pharmacists identified a need to establish Hepatitis C pharmacy services in an HIV clinic. Through the recent establishment of CDTM and implementation of pharmacy services, pharmacists are now given the autonomy to manage patients co-infected with HIV/HCV. It is believed that the addition of a clinical pharmacist to an interdisciplinary team will lead to improved SVR rates, adherence, and clinic revenue, as well as decreased ADRs and drug-drug interactions among co-infected patients. Conclusion: Implementation of HCV pharmacy services directed towards HIV/HCV co- infection is an essential patient-centered strategy addressing complex medication-related problems in an attempt to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. A single-centered, prospective study to evaluate HCV pharmacy services at the Treatment for Life Center clinic is currently ongoing. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties Type: Clinical Experience

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