Review of Survey Articles Regarding Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Services/Programs in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola O. Oladapo ◽  
Karen L. Rascati
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medication Therapy Management ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Therapy Management ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
General Drug ◽  
Keyword List

Objective: To provide a summary of published survey articles regarding the provision of medication therapy management (MTM) services in the United States. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify original articles on MTM-related surveys conducted in the United States, involving community and outpatient pharmacists, physicians, patients, or pharmacy students and published by the primary researchers who conducted the study. Search engines used included PubMed, Medline, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA). If MTM was in the keyword list, mesh heading, title, or abstract, the article was reviewed. References from these articles were searched to determine whether other relevant articles were available. Results: A total of 405 articles were initially reviewed; however, only 32 articles met the study requirements. Of the 32 articles, 17 surveyed community/outpatient pharmacists, 3 surveyed pharmacy students, 4 surveyed physicians, and 8 surveyed patients. The survey periods varied across the different studies, with the earliest survey conducted in 2004 and the most recent survey conducted in 2009. The surveys were conducted via the telephone, US mail, interoffice mail, e-mails, Internet/Web sites, hand-delivered questionnaires, and focus groups. Conclusion: Despite the identified barriers to the provision of MTM services, pharmacists reportedly found it professionally rewarding to provide these services. Pharmacists claimed to have adequate clinical knowledge, experience, and access to information required to provide MTM services. Pharmacy students were of the opinion that the provision of MTM services was important to the advancement of the pharmacy profession and in providing patients with a higher level of care. Physicians supported having pharmacists adjust patients’ drug therapy and educate patients on general drug information but not in selecting patients’ drug therapy. Finally, patients suggested that alternative ways need to be explored in describing and marketing MTM services for it to be appealing to them.

scholarly journals Primary healthcare policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 2160
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Salgado ◽  
Meagen M. Rosenthal ◽  
Antoinette B. Coe ◽  
Tana N. Kaefer ◽  
Dave L. Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medication Therapy Management ◽  
Therapy Management ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
The Us

The United States (US) has a complex healthcare system with a mix of public, private, nonprofit, and for-profit insurers, healthcare institutions and organizations, and providers. Unlike other developed countries, there is not a single payer healthcare system or a national pharmaceutical benefits scheme/plan. Despite spending over USD 10,000 per capita in healthcare, the US is among the worst performers compared to other developed countries in outcomes including life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, safety during childbirth, and unmanaged chronic conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes). Primary care is delivered by physicians and advanced practice providers (i.e., nurse practitioners and physician assistants) in a variety of settings including large health systems, federally qualified health centers or free clinics that provide care to the underserved, or specific facilities for veterans or American Indian and Alaska native peoples. Since 2010, primary care delivery has shifted toward providing patient-centered, coordinated, comprehensive care focused on providing proactive, rather than reactive, population health management, and on the quality, versus volume, of care. Community pharmacy comprises a mix of independently owned, chain, supermarket and mass merchant pharmacies. Community pharmacies provide services such as immunizations, medication therapy management, medication packaging, medication synchronization, point-of-care testing and, in specific states where legislation has been passed, hormonal contraception, opioid reversal agents, and smoking cessation services. There has been criticism regarding the lack of standard terminology for services such as medication synchronization and medication therapy management, their components and how they should be provided, which hampers comparability across studies. One of the main challenges for pharmacists in the US is the lack of provider status at the federal level. This means that pharmacists are not allowed to use existing fee-for-service health insurance billing codes to receive reimbursement for non-dispensing services. In addition, despite there being regulatory infrastructure in multiple states, the extent of service implementation is either low or unknown. Research found that pharmacists face numerous barriers when providing some of these services. State fragmentation and the lack of a single pharmacy organization and vision for the profession are additional challenges.

Providing Medication Therapy Management for Smoking Cessation Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany D. Smalls ◽  
Amelia D. Broughton ◽  
Ericka V. Hylick ◽  
Todd J. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medication Therapy Management ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Therapy Management ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Quit Smoking

Nearly 50 years ago, the Surgeon General of the US Public Health Service released the first report of the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. The report concluded that cigarette smoking caused lung and laryngeal cancer as well as bronchitis. Today, smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of deaths in the United States. Research has shown that it potentially causes more deaths than human immunodeficiency virus, illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, and firearm-related incidents. Health care providers play a critical role in guiding and directing patients to quit smoking by introducing them to smoking-cessation options. This is due to the fact that if these patients quit, they can reduce their cardiovascular risk. Pharmacists, being one of the easily accessible health care providers, have an advantage over other clinicians when it comes to influencing patients to quit smoking and to modify their lifestyles. Pharmacists through medication therapy management directly interact with these patients to manage medications as well as behavioral factors.

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