The Narcotrend ‘depth of anaesthesia’ monitor cannot reliably detect consciousness during general anaesthesia: an investigation using the isolated forearm technique

Several anaesthetic protocols are reported in the literature for small mammals; it is however fundamental that drugs used and perioperative management are based on each patient individually, considering several factors such as temperament, health status and the procedure to be performed. Alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines and opioids are the drugs most commonly used for sedation and premedication in small mammals. General anaesthesia can be induced with injectable agents, such as propofol and alfaxalone, but inhalant anaesthetics delivered by mask or in an induction chamber are still quite commonly used, particularly in smaller patients. Volatile agents are generally preferred for maintenance of anaesthesia, as easy control of the depth of anaesthesia is achievable. Endotracheal intubation is not always possible in these species, but practice and the use of an endoscope can facilitate the procedure. Analgesia should be provided for surgical procedures, and local anaesthetic techniques are warranted whenever possible.

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Comparison of two depth of anaesthesia monitors during general anaesthesia: Electrophysiological and clinical assessment

Acta Physiologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.2.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 111-117

Author(s):

Cs Molnár ◽

Zs Kovács ◽

É. Simon ◽

J. Gál ◽

B. Mikos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Anaesthesia ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Depth Of Anaesthesia

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Effect of tramadol use during general anaesthesia on depth of anaesthesia

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rapm.2005.07.067 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 93-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O CUVAS ◽

B CETINSOY ◽

B BALTACI ◽

O CUVAS ◽

B DIKMEN

Keyword(s):

General Anaesthesia ◽

Depth Of Anaesthesia

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The Effect of Depth of Anaesthesia on the Severity of Mitral Insufficiency by Transesophageal Echocardiography

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab086.024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nabila Mohamed Abd El Aziz Fahmy ◽

Wael Reda Hussein ◽

Ehab Essam Khamis Al Hanash

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricle ◽

Mitral Regurgitation ◽

Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Effect Size ◽

Mitral Insufficiency ◽

Depth Of Anaesthesia ◽

Heart Institute ◽

National Heart ◽

Unloading Effect

Abstract Background The assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) is complex and complicated by the dynamic nature of this valvular abnormality. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a well-established tool that is used to assess the mitral regurgitation (MR) before and after mitral valve reconstruction. Objectives This study conducted in the National Heart Institute in Cairo aimed at assessing the effect of depth of anaesthesia guided by bispectral index on the severity of mitral insufficiency as measured by transesophageal echocardiography. Patients and Methods This study was conducted in the National Heart Institute in Cairo. The study was conducted for a period of about six months after the approval from Ethical committee. Informed oral consent for every patient was obtained. Prospective observational cross-sectional study with a random sample of 20 patients at National Heart Institute. A sample size of at least 15 data pairs achieves 80% power to reject the null hypothesis of zero effect size when the population effect size is 0.80 and the significance level (alpha) is 0.05 using a two-sided paired ttest. Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery in National Heart Institute. Results The MR severity decreased at a deeper anaesthesia at low BIS than at a shallower anaesthesia at high BIS in patients with organic MR. Eight patients out of twenty patients (40% with organic MR) showed a + 1 grade of improvement in MR grade, by semi-quantitively measuring maximal JA and VC width. Improvement in mitral regurge severity thought to be secondary to unloading effect of general anaesthesia on left ventricle causing a decrease in afterload, preload, and left ventricular dimensions. This study demonstrated that, a comparison between deep anaesthesia and shallow anaesthesia using BIS showed there is a significant reduction in multiple parameters of MR severity assessment secondary to unloading effect of general anaesthesia on left ventricle caused by a decrease in both afterload and preload. Conclusion This reduction in MR severity appeared to be significant enough to modify intraoperative decisions regarding valve surgery by underestimation of valve severity. Thus, strong consideration should be given to thorough preoperative assessment of MR severity, rather than relying on intraoperative findings.

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General anaesthesia of indigenous pigs in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Veterinarian ◽

10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18254 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 46-53

Author(s):

MS Rana ◽

MM Rahman ◽

UK Rima ◽

NS Juyena

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Maximum Depth ◽

Normal Range ◽

Depth Of Anaesthesia ◽

Control Value ◽

Indigenous Pigs

Anaesthetic trials were conducted with propofol (P), xylazine-propofol (XP), xylazine-ketamine (XK), xylazine-thiopentone (XT) in 16 healthy indigenous pigs. Respiration rate decreased significantly (P < 0.01) five minutes after induction, and during maximum depth of anaesthesia, and had not returned to control value after recovery from anaesthesia with all anaesthetic combinations. Heart rate with P increased significantly (P<0.01) five minutes after induction, whereas it decreased significantly (P < 0.01) with XP, XK and XT during anaesthesia and remained below the normal range after recovery from anaesthesia except after XP. In all anaesthetic sessions, rectal temperature decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in all stages of anaesthesia: after recovery the rectal temperature almost returned to control value in P and XP. Slight to moderate salivation was observed in all pigs with P and XP. It is suggested that P and XP combination seems to be suitable for general anaesthesia in pigs, but XP is more suitable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18254 Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 2, 46-53

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