Optimizing Nephelometric Measurement of Specific Serum Proteins: Evaluation of Three Diluents

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1548-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M Killingsworth ◽  
Gregory J Buffone ◽  
Meena B Sonawane ◽  
Glennie C Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
State Approximation ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Steady State Approximation

Abstract Three diluents were studied, to determine which is the best for the automated immunochemical measurement of specific serum proteins. Nine serum proteins (orosomucoid, α1-antitrypsin, α2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, transferrin, C3, IgG, IgA, and IgM) were measured in physiological saline (9 g NaCI/liter), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (0.01 mol/liter; pH 7.4), and physiological saline containing polyethylene glycol ("PEG 6000," 40 g/liter). Criteria were: reaction rate, analysis rate, carryover between samples, steady-state approximation, precision, and correlation with other methods. Saline containing polyethylene giycol is the best of the three diluents for use in continuous-flow nephelometric analysis of serum proteins.

The Quasi-Steady-State Approximation: Numerical Validation

1998 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. B. Bond ◽  
Bice S. Martincigh ◽  
Janusz R. Mika ◽  
Reuben H. Simoyi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Numerical Validation ◽  
State Approximation ◽  
Steady State Approximation

scholarly journals Estimation of Daytime NO3Radical Levels in the UK Urban Atmosphere Using the Steady State Approximation Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. H. Khan ◽  
W. C. Morris ◽  
L. A. Watson ◽  
M. Galloway ◽  
P. D. Hamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
State Approximation ◽  
Steady State Approximation ◽  
National Environment ◽  
The Uk

The steady state approximation has been applied to the UK National Environment Technology Centre (NETCEN) data at three urban sites in the UK (Marylebone Road London, London Eltham, and Harwell) over the period of 1997 to 2012 to estimate the concentrations of daytime NO3. Despite the common assertion that NO3levels are negligible in the day as a consequence of photolysis, there are occasions where NO3reaches a few pptv. A seasonal pattern in NO3concentration was observed with higher levels in the spring with consistent peaks in April and May. A combination of temperature effects (the formation of NO3from the reaction of NO2with O3has a high activation energy barrier), a distinct pattern in O3concentration (peaking in spring), and loss via reaction with NO peaking in winter is responsible for this trend. Although reaction with OH is still the dominant loss process for VOCs during the day, there are VOCs (unsaturated) that will have an appreciable loss due to reaction with NO3in the daytime. Since the addition reaction of NO3with alkenes can lead directly to organic nitrate formation, there are implications for O3formation and secondary organic aerosol formation during daytime and these are discussed.

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