Nationalism and Siberian Archeology of the 19th Century

The article provides a comparative characteristic of the nationally motivated ethnocultural concepts of the 19th century, based on the interpretation of Siberian peoples` history. Finnish nationalism was looking for the ancestral home of the Finns in Altai and tried to connect them with the Turkic-Mongol states of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Under the influence of the cultural and historical theories of regional experts, the Siberian national discourse itself began to form, which was especially clearly manifested in the example of the genesis of Altai nationalism. Russian great-power nationalism sought to make Slavic history more ancient and connected it with the prestigious Scythian culture. If we rely on the well-known periodization of the development of the national movement of M. Khrokh, then in the theory of the Finns` Altai origin, we can distinguish features characteristic of phase “B,” when the cultural capital of nationalism gradually turns into political. In turn, the historical research of the regional specialists illustrates the earliest stage in the emergence of the national movement, the period of nationalism not only without a nation but also without national intellectuals. The oblasts are forming the very national environment, which does not yet have the means for its own expression, but it obviously contains separatist potential. At the same time, both the Finnish and Siberian patriots, with their scientific research, solved the same ideological task—to include the objects of their research in the world cultural and historical context, to achieve recognition of their right to a place among European nations. However, Florinsky’s theory, performing the function of the official propaganda, is an example of the manifestation of state unifying nationalism, with imperial connotations characteristics of Russia.

Effects of Adherence to Environmental Rules and Regulations in Stone Quarrying at Tuluongoi Sublocation of Baringo County, Kenya

Stone quarrying has been recognized as a socioeconomic activity serving as a fundamental source of livelihood for some communities. Nonetheless, most operations are often accompanied by adverse effects on the same communities and the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the level of awareness of environmental rules, regulations, and principles governing stone quarrying in Tuluongoi sublocation, Tenges Division, Baringo County. The study also sought to establish whether there is a linkage between awareness of environmental rules, principles, and regulations governing stone quarrying and the impacts on the environment. Two villages were chosen for the study. The stratified sampling procedure was used to pick 120 households from the two villages, the total number (97) of regular quarry workers was enumerated, and purposive sampling was used to select six key informants. The quarry workers and household heads were the primary units for data collection. Primary data were collected by using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and pictorials. Secondary data were obtained from census reports, peer-reviewed journals, county strategic plans, unpublished theses, and scholarly books. Some data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages, while the SPSS software was used to generate tables, graphs, and frequencies. The chi-square procedure was used to test whether the awareness of environmental rules and regulations on stone quarrying were significantly independent of environmental degradation at the 0.05 significance level. The study established that 55.1% of quarry workers and 65% of household heads were unaware of any environmental rules, regulations, and principles governing stone quarrying. Out of those aware, 88.9% of household heads and 67.7% of quarry workers had poor awareness of environmental regulations and requirements. The study recommends that National Environment Management Authority promotes and enforces environmental rules, regulations, policies, and principles governing stone quarrying in collaboration with the relevant county government departments by enhancing awareness among the residents.

Bahrain’s Environmental Legal Tools for Giving Effect to Sustainable Development Goals: An Assessment

Sustainable development in Bahrain is considered one of the national core objectives in the Government Action Plan. Bahrain has enacted environmental legislation and adopted the National Environment Strategy. This study examines the appropriateness of the current environmental legislations in the context of SDGs. To achieve this goal, a scoping review was conducted to assess their compatibility. The study revealed that the successful integration of SDGs with the current environmental legislations can be carried out by recognising the challenges highlighted in the 2030 Agenda. This study suggests the quick-updating of the current environmental legislations in line with SDGs. There is still room for improvement, and more comprehensive and sustainable approaches need to be developed in the environment dimension to stay on track to reach the SDGs. The policies should factor in the possible linkage opportunities to develop a holistic management approach in the implementation, considering the international conventions’ obligations. The study can be deemed as the first attempt to examine the consistency of the SDGs with the national environmental legal framework, which can be employed to enhance the sustainable practices. Moreover, the study develops a simple framework that can assist in review, keep the legislations and strategy consistent with the SDGs.

Cultural identification of a person in the works of William Kurelek

Ethnic groups in Canada try not to dissolve in a foreign national environment and to preserve their identity. Polish-Ukrainian relations are an important topic in the context of studying the immigrant Canadian environment. William Kurelek was interested in this issue and managed to prove the role of Ukrainians in shaping a multicultural Canadian society. The authors of this study aimed to characterize the preconditions and history of the thematic series of Ukrainian immigrants and The Polish Canadians on the basis of artistic works. The works of William Kurelek were characterized and special attention was paid to Polish-Ukrainian motives in his work. The models of Ukrainian-Polish relations through the author's prism of understanding and observing the traditions and culture were derived. Issues of religious tradition, prairie duties, folk celebrations, upbringing, ethnic life and friendship were raised. In his paintings, William Kurelek raised these issues.

Evaluation of soil contamination by heavy metals at public cemeteries in the municipality of Lages, southern Brazil

ABSTRACT The burial of bodies is a potentially polluting activity. Taking this into consideration, the aim of the present study was to verify the compliance of two cemeteries with environmental legislation and to quantify the concentrations of heavy metals in soils affected by burial activities. Physicochemical characterization of the soil was performed by analyzing control samples from areas near the cemeteries. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, zinc and copper were determined using high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry. The two cemeteries had unsatisfactory properties for the retention of metal cations, with clay percentages ranging from 15.40 to 41.40% and sand percentages ranging from 28.75 to 66.85%. The control samples presented low cation exchange capacity (12.27 to 22.73 cmolc/dm³) and high aluminum (Al3+) saturation (66.74 to 90.16%). Although neither of the two cemeteries had concentrations above the limits established for the metals analyzed by Resolution No. 420/2009 of the National Environment Council, the contaminants may be leaching to groundwater due to inadequate soil characteristics.

Wastewater based environmental surveillance of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Pakistan

Background Pakistan has been experiencing intervals of sporadic cases and localized outbreaks in the last two decades. No proper study has been carried out in order to find out the environmental burden of toxigenic V. cholerae as well as how temporal and environmental factors associated in driving cholera across the country. Methods We tested waste water samples from designated national environment surveillance sites in Pakistan with RT-PCR assay. Multistage sampling technique were utilized for samples collection and for effective sample processing Bag-Mediated Filtration system, were employed. Results were analysed by district and month wise to understand the geographic distribution and identify the seasonal pattern of V. cholera detection in Pakistan. Results Between May 2019, and February 2020, we obtained and screened 160 samples in 12 districts across Pakistan. Out of 16 sentinel environmental surveillance sites, 15 sites showed positive results against cholera toxigenic gene with mostly lower CT value (mean, 34±2) and have significant difference (p < 0.05). The highest number of positive samples were collected from Sindh in month of November, then in June it is circulating in different districts of Pakistan including four Provinces respectively. Conclusion V. cholera detection do not follow a clear seasonal pattern. However, the poor sanitation problems or temperature and rainfall may potentially influence the frequency and duration of cholera across the country. Occurrence of toxigenic V. cholerae in the environment samples showed that cholera is endemic, which is an alarming for a potential future cholera outbreaks in the country.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AND HISTORY OF ITS FORMATION

The article presents a research of the peculiarities of the psychological adaptation of foreign students to the language and national environment in the process of comprehensive study of peculiar topics of linguistics and the history of its formation. The research was conducted on the basis of the use of a comprehensive experimental training program for learning Ukrainian as a foreign language and the history of Ukraine in one academic group of foreign students (12 people). Another group of students studied according to the standard program. The research objective is to demonstrate the positive dynamics of psychological adaptation of students from different countries to the language and national environment in the process of learning Ukrainian as a foreign language and particular aspects of its formation, namely the influence of Poland on the Ukrainian literary language in Western Ukraine in the 20s and 40s of the 20th Century. The urgency of studying this historical period is that the new edition of the “Ukrainian orthography” of 2019 partially intensifies the use of lexical tokens borrowed from the Polish language and orthographic norms of the “Orthography” of 1928. The research results showed that the average score of the final testing of students who studied through the experimental program is 3 points higher than that of students who studied through the standard program. In addition, students of the first group have much higher results from diagnosing the psychological characteristics of adaptation to the national environment. By studying the language and history of Ukraine, foreign students not only much better mastered language phenomena and understood their origins, but also learned about the complex past of our country. The conclusions of the experiment show that the proposed methodology proved itself to be a tool of improving the psychological adaptation of foreign students to the language and national environment of the country in which they receive professional education.

On the differences between the language and style of Czech and Czech-american periodicals in the mid-19th century

The paper deals with the language and style of major Czech and Czech-American periodicals published in the mid-19th century. Czech periodicals of the time are represented by the papers Pražský Posel and Národní Nowiny; the Czech-American ones include the weeklies Slowan Amerikánský and Národní Noviny. The language and style of both of these types of papers are analysed in order to identify the similarities and differences, with citations illustrating the phenomena explored. In this way, the research aims to show which aspects of the “stylistic norm” change first and most strikingly in a different language and national environment.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL DIALOGUE AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE PROCESS OF SHAPING WORKING CONDITIONS

The article explores the influence and importance of social dialogue and collective bargaining on the formation of working conditions. Social dialogue and collective bargaining are among the basic ways to influence the conditions of work through employees’ representatives and how to represent the weaker party from the point of view of labour law (the interests of the employee). The article points out the fundamental importance of social dialogue in creating an environment of decent work, both in the international environment (especially the competence of the International Labour Organization or the implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights) and wages or addressing the impacts of COVID-19 pandemics in the national environment of the Czech Republic.

An Evaluation System for the Conservation of Geomorphological Assets: Landforms in South Korea

Landforms are spaces for human life, habitats for animals and plants, and areas that provide various ecological services. However, human development has undermined landform where it should be kept as an important human asset. In South Korea, to reduce this damage, a system was created to evaluate the conservation value of landforms, and either designate them as conservation areas or obtain permission for their development in advance. However, the general public, who demands the development of landforms continuously, have frequently questioned the subjectivity of the evaluation criteria used for the conservation of landforms. National Institute of Ecology (NIE) in South Korea was carried out a project which was to increase the reliability of these criteria by modifying the conservation evaluation system into a quantitative system. This paper aims to introduce the geomorphological survey as a part of the Investigation of National Environment (INE), and an improved evaluation system via the Delphi, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), on-site verification, etc. As a result of this quantitative evaluation using detailed scoring indicators, specific criteria, and weights for evaluation, there is a low correlation between the indicators, and this confirmed that each indicator was evaluated correctly. In addition, as the quantitative evaluation results and the experts’ opinions generally coincided with the final evaluation grades and values, this indirectly confirmed that the experts who participated in the 4th INE agreed with the evaluation results. This research demonstrates a method that can be used to improve the objective assessment of landforms by experts’ opinion surveys. Future research could use the assessment system developed in this research and apply it to other surveys or countries.