scholarly journals Environmental Conditions Affect Offspring Sex-Ratio Variation and Adult Survival in Tawny Owls

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Lajos Sasvári ◽  
Isao Nishiumi

Abstract We studied survival of adult Tawny Owls (Strix aluco), number of breeding pairs, breeding performance, and offspring sex ratio in relation to the number of snowy days in the preceding winter in Duna-Ipoly National Park, Hungary. A new male was more likely to be present after a winter with many snowy days, although female survival was not affected by weather. Number of breeding pairs and number of fledglings declined with increasing number of snowy days. Offspring sex ratio varied according to whether snow cover was present during the egg-laying period, with broods being male biased during adverse conditions but female biased during mild conditions. Also, female nestlings were more likely to die before fledging than male nestlings. These data suggest that female Tawny Owls are able to adjust the sex ratio of their brood according to the expected differential success of nestlings under the prevailing weather conditions. This adjustment in relation to environmental conditions has important implications for the demography of Tawny Owl breeding populations. Las Condiciones Ambientales Afectan la Variación en el Cociente de Sexos de las Crías y la Supervivencia de los Adultos en Strix aluco Resumen. Estudiamos la supervivencia de los adultos de Strix aluco, el número de parejas reproductivas, el desempeño reproductivo y el cociente de sexos de las crías con relación al número de días con nieve en el invierno precedente en el Parque Nacional Duna-Ipoly, Hungría. Un macho nuevo tuvo mayor probabilidad de estar presente luego de un invierno con muchos días con nieve, aunque la supervivencia de las hembras no estuvo afectada por el clima. El número de parejas reproductivas y el número de volantones disminuyeron con un incremento en el número de días con nieve. El cociente de sexos de las crías varió de acuerdo con la presencia de cobertura de nieve durante el período de puesta de los huevos: las nidadas estuvieron sesgadas hacia los machos durante períodos de condiciones adversas y sesgadas hacia las hembras durante períodos de condiciones moderadas. Además, los pichones hembra tuvieron mayor probabilidad de morir antes de dejar el nido que los machos. Estos datos sugieren que las hembras de S. aluco son capaces de ajustar el cociente de sexos de sus nidadas de acuerdo al éxito diferencial esperado de los pichones bajo las condiciones climáticas dominantes. Este ajuste relacionado con las condiciones ambientales tiene implicancias importantes para la demografía de las poblaciones reproductivas de S. aluco.

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Merkling ◽  
Scott A. Hatch ◽  
Sarah Leclaire ◽  
Etienne Danchin ◽  
Pierrick Blanchard

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt-Erik Sæther ◽  
Erling J. Solberg ◽  
Morten Heim ◽  
John E. Stacy ◽  
Kjetill S. Jakobsen ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M O M Chelini ◽  
N L Souza ◽  
E Otta

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1891) ◽  
pp. 20181251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Wishart ◽  
Cory T. Williams ◽  
Andrew G. McAdam ◽  
Stan Boutin ◽  
Ben Dantzer ◽  
...  

Fisher's principle explains that population sex ratio in sexually reproducing organisms is maintained at 1 : 1 owing to negative frequency-dependent selection, such that individuals of the rare sex realize greater reproductive opportunity than individuals of the more common sex until equilibrium is reached. If biasing offspring sex ratio towards the rare sex is adaptive, individuals that do so should have more grandoffspring. In a wild population of North American red squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) that experiences fluctuations in resource abundance and population density, we show that overall across 26 years, the secondary sex ratio was 1 : 1; however, stretches of years during which adult sex ratio was biased did not yield offspring sex ratios biased towards the rare sex. Females that had litters biased towards the rare sex did not have more grandoffspring. Critically, the adult sex ratio was not temporally autocorrelated across years, thus the population sex ratio experienced by parents was independent of the population sex ratio experienced by their offspring at their primiparity. Expected fitness benefits of biasing offspring sex ratio may be masked or negated by fluctuating environments across years, which limit the predictive value of the current sex ratio.


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