C. Wilfred Jenks and the Futures of International Organizations Law

Abstract This article situates C. Wilfred Jenks as a central figure in the emergence and development of the law of international organizations. Deeply informed by his work as a legal advisor at the International Labour Organization (ILO), Jenks’ scholarly writings during and immediately after World War II established a basis for, and elaborated the details of many aspects of, classical international organizations law. Moreover, the article argues that Jenks’ oeuvre also articulated a number of insights and approaches that, in retrospect, may be read as suggesting a series of alternative futures for international organizations law. By examining Jenks’ foundational works on international organizations law, therefore, the article seeks to recover aspects of Jenks’ thinking that might have led – and might still lead – the field to explore different paths.

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Part I The International Law of Tainted Money, 1 General Introduction: Some Problems Relating to the Role of International Law

10.1093/law/9780198716587.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Grant Tom ◽

Brent Richard

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

International Law ◽

Money Laundering ◽

International Organizations ◽

World War ◽

General Introduction ◽

Monetary System ◽

Monetary Relations ◽

The Law

This book is concerned with the emergence of an international law of money laundering. The Introduction explains that a re-ordering of international monetary relations after World War II necessitated new approaches to the law of money in general. Epochal changes in monetary relations across borders have resulted in review and revision of the rules of international law concerned with money, and, accordingly, governments, legislatures, courts, and commentators have needed to re-visit those rules occasionally. The international law of money laundering has mostly been grafted upon the world’s monetary system; it has not involved the creation of a completely new system. However, the Introduction argues, it has had a significant impact. The impetus that has led states and international organizations to adopt money laundering rules at the international level is a reaction to a threat, or series of threats, originating largely outside the system. These threats include: organized crime on an international and macro-economic scale; terrorism; and the need to change the conduct of some states. This book as a whole presents an account of international law in its present evolving state in the field of tainted money. The chapters herein aim to address the law as it currently is; and close with a look at where the future of money might take us and those who aim to regulate its misuse.

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Into Russian Nature

10.1093/oso/9780190914554.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alan D. Roe

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Environmental Protection ◽

National Parks ◽

International Organizations ◽

National Park ◽

World War ◽

Nature Protection ◽

Soviet Government ◽

History Of ◽

Development Goals

Into Russian Nature examines the history of the Russian national park movement. Russian biologists and geographers had been intrigued with the idea of establishing national parks before the Great October Revolution but pushed the Soviet government successfully to establish nature reserves (zapovedniki) during the USSR’s first decades. However, as the state pushed scientists to make zapovedniki more “useful” during the 1930s, some of the system’s staunchest defenders started supporting tourism in them. In the decades after World War II, the USSR experienced a tourism boom and faced a chronic shortage of tourism facilities. Also during these years, Soviet scientists took active part in Western-dominated international environmental protection organizations, where they became more familiar with national parks. In turn, they enthusiastically promoted parks for the USSR as a means to reconcile environmental protection and economic development goals, bring international respect to Soviet nature protection efforts, and help instill a love for the country’s nature and a desire to protect it in Russian/Soviet citizens. By the late 1980s, their supporters pushed transformative, and in some cases quixotic, park proposals. At the same time, national park opponents presented them as an unaffordable luxury during a time of economic struggle, especially after the USSR’s collapse. Despite unprecedented collaboration with international organizations, Russian national parks received little governmental support as they became mired in land-use conflicts with local populations. While the history of Russia’s national parks illustrates a bold attempt at reform, the state’s failure’s to support them has left Russian park supporters deeply disillusioned.

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2. Historical background

International Human Rights Law ◽

10.1093/he/9780198805212.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rhona K. M. Smith

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

World War Ii ◽

Historical Background ◽

International Labour Organization ◽

World War ◽

International Human Rights ◽

Traditional Concept ◽

Human Rights Protection ◽

Rights Protection ◽

International Human

This chapter provides an historical sketch of international human rights. It considers the divergent views as to the origins of human rights, and suggests that human rights represent the modern interpretation and an expansion of the traditional concept of the rule of law. The chapter discusses the law of aliens; diplomatic laws; the laws of war; slavery; minority rights; the establishment of the International Labour Organization; and human rights protection after World War II.

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1. The best hope of mankind? A brief history of the UN

The United Nations: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780190222703.003.0002 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 8-25

Author(s):

Jussi M. Hanhimäki

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

World War I ◽

United Nations ◽

International Organizations ◽

League Of Nations ◽

International Peace ◽

World War ◽

History Of ◽

The United Nations

The International Peace Conference in 1899 established the Permanent Court of Arbitration as the first medium for international disputes, but it was the League of Nations, established in 1919 after World War I, which formed the framework of the system of international organizations seen today. The United Nations was created to manage the world's transformation in the aftermath of World War II. ‘The best hope of mankind? A brief history of the UN’ shows how the UN has grown from the 51 nations that signed the UN Charter in 1945 to 193 nations in 2015. The UN's first seven decades have seen many challenges with a mixture of success and failure.

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The Nuremberg Trial and International Law

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2193852 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 20-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

George A. Finch

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

World War I ◽

International Law ◽

World War ◽

The Public ◽

The Future ◽

The Law ◽

Civilized World

Retribution for the shocking crimes and atrocities committed by the enemy during World War II was made imperative by the overwhelming demands emanating from the public conscience throughout the civilized world. Statesmen and jurists realized that another failure to vindicate the law such as followed World War I would prove their incapacity to make progress in strengthening the international law of the future.1

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