E-Commerce Taxation Paradigms in Georgia

Taxation of e-commerce is one of the most serious problems for the civilized world, including our country. The digital industry has put the country’s tax space in a post facto position, threatening the country’s fiscal sovereignty and the efficient functioning of the tax system. It is no longer an illusion that e-commerce opens a new era in taxation. The phenomenon of «borderless» – e-commerce seems to challenge the tax system adapted to it. Understanding the problem for this purpose is both an economic, social and political-economic necessity.

Pain and discomfort in violation of bowel movements in children – an actual problem

Pain and discomfort during bowel movements in children are among the most common symptoms in the modern civilized world. The most common cause of these symptoms is chronic constipation, which is often treated by a pediatrician or pediatric gastroenterologist. In differen­tial diagnosis, it is very important to distinguish between chronic symptomatic constipation and functional (without an organic basis), which are most common in childhood. Organic causes of constipation are usually dealt with in cooperation with specialized specialists. The main patho­physiological mechanisms of functional constipation are stress, pain during emptying, and fear of further painful bowel movements. The clinical picture is dominated by in­frequent and difficult defecation of a large amount of hard stools. If the history, laboratory and other additional stud­ies indicate functional constipation, and there are no warn­ing signs of chronic symptomatic constipation, complex treatment can be started. Therapy includes psychological preparation of the patient and his family, working with the correct technique of defecation, dietary and regimen mea­sures, sufficient physical activity, the use of osmotic lax­atives. The presence of warning signs requires a rational differential diagnostic procedure, which varies depending on the age of the child.

TAKING HOSTAGES AND SOME ACTS AGAINST THE PERSON’S FREEDOM IN THE PENAL LEGISLATIONS OF FOREIGN STATES

The facts of hostage-taking are recognized throughout the civilized world as prejudicial. Current legislation in most states provides for criminal liability for the offence of hostage-taking, abduction and illegal deprivation of liberty. In the national laws of some states, the concepts of «hostage-taking», «kidnapping of a person», «illegal deprivation of liberty» is not always differentiated. Thus, in some states, in addition to the responsibility for the abduction of a person and the illegal deprivation of liberty, there is also the independent responsibility for taking hostages. In the penal legislation of other states, on the contrary, the offences related to the abduction of a person include in themselves the taking of hostages.

Indian Coffee: A Quadragenary Growth Analysis

Coffee, the favorite beverage of the civilized world, plays a more significant role in India’s trade-dependent agriculture. More than 70 percent (3,08,148 tonnes) of coffee produced in the country was exported in the year 2020. The majority of Indian coffee plantations are in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The present study overviews the growth trends in the area, production, productivity, and export of Indian coffee from 1980-81 to 2019-20 by employing CAGR estimates. Indian coffee exhibited an overall growth of 1.98, 2.96, 0.98, 4.42, and 10.37 percent in area, production, productivity, quantity, and value of export, respectively, over the last 40 years. Even with significant positive growth in all the components, the Indian coffee sector is experiencing difficulties due to climatic aberrations, bottlenecks in the export business, including quality issues, and heavy competition from traditional and emerging coffee growers and traders in the international market.

Prerequisites for the development of biotechnology for the production of environmentally friendly products of aquabioculture

Aquaponics is a hybrid food growing technology that combines the best of aquaculture (growing fish in an artificial aquatic environment and hydroponics (growing plants without soil in an aquatic nutrient environment). It is completely organic because the fish produces natural fertilizers used by the plants, which means no exogenous chemicals. Aquaculture has been around for a long time. Throughout the civilized world, aquaculture is one of the most dynamically developing industries, it is considered as a way to ensure food security and a means to combat poverty. Due to the need to provide the world population with high-quality and healthy fish and vegetable products, aquaponics, which is already one of the fastest growing agricultural and food sectors, has great potential for future development.

Analysis of Hazard Rate of Municipalities in Slovakia in Terms of COVID-19

The coronavirus became a phenomenon in 2020, which is making an unwanted but wide space for the study of various scientific disciplines. The COVID-19 pandemic situation which has reached almost the whole civilized world by its consequences thus offers a unique possibility to analyze the graphic space and the human activities inside it. The aim of this study is to predict and identify the potential rate of threat on the example of COVID-19 in Slovakia through an established model. This model consisted of an assessment of the partial phenomena of exposure, vulnerability, and overall risk. The statistical data used to evaluate these phenomena concerned individual cities in Slovakia. These represent the smallest administrative unit. Indirect methods based on the point method were applied in the paper. The spreading and transfer of the disease was influenced much more by the exposure presented by traffic availability, especially, but also the concentration of inhabitants in the selected locations (shops, cemeteries, and others). In the results, our modeling confirmed the regions with the highest intensity, especially in the districts (Bratislava, Košice, Prešov, and Nitra). The selection of the data and method used in this study together with the results reached and presented may serve as an appropriate tool for the support of decision-making of other measures for the future.

PATTERNS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to topical issues of consumer behavior in Ukraine. First of all it is noted that Soviet consumption habits are still affecting Ukrainian patterns of consumer behavior. Even younger population, who have never experienced Soviet system, are affected by its consumptive patterns to some extent. After USSR collapse, Ukraine started to adopt consumer behavior patterns from the civilized world, first of all the consumerism. In the same time, another global consumption trend – creative consumerism – is being actively adopted by Ukrainians, partly because such forms of such behaviour were inherited from Soviet society. Such a global pattern of consumer behavior as ethical consumption has also spread through Ukraine in forms of green, eco, responsible, conscious consumptions or even anticonsumerism. Finally, contemporary technologies along with the COVID-19 crisis impact patterns of consumer behavior in Ukraine, first of all through the increasing role of online technologies in consumer decision making, in purchasing and post-purchasing processes.

Imaginary Phrygians: Cognitive Consonance and the Assumed Phrygian Origin of Greek Ecstatic Cults and Music

While Greeks called the ecstatic musical mode ‘Phrygian’, there is no evidence of high-arousal musical performances in Phrygia, and the musical characteristics of this mode were distinctively Greek. The image of wide-ranging excited celebrations practised in Phrygia seems to have existed only in the imagination of the Greeks and Romans. This paper suggests that the uneasiness felt by some Greeks facing high-arousal cults was assuaged by attributing them foreign origin, which was often fictitious. By culturally dissociating themselves from the ecstatic practices, the Greeks resolved the cognitive inconsistency between their self-perception as citizens of the decorous civilized world and their surrender to the irresistible allure of high-arousal cults and music. These false attitudes allowed cognitive consonance and attained the status of indubitable truth. Upheld throughout antiquity, they persuaded many modern scholars, who still mistakenly consider the Phrygian musical mode as an Oriental borrowing.

Shanghai and the Chinese utopia in the early 20th century as presented in “The New Story of the Stone”

The novel The New Story of the Stone (新石头记, Xinshitouji [1908] 2016), by Wu Jianren, is one of the most representative Chinese utopian works of the late Qing dynasty, or the early 20th-century. The novel is evenly divided into two parts. The first 20 chapters probe into the political and social conditions of late Qing China through the depictions of the protagonist’s travels to cities such as Shanghai, Wuhan and Beijing where the relations with the West had been established. The last 20 chapters, which are antithetical to the first part, depict a utopia – the Civilized World. There is a twisted mirror-image relationship between Shanghai and the Civilized World. The Civilized World alludes to civilized Shanghai with advanced hospitals, factories, museums, schools for women, trading markets and so on. Based on the image of Shanghai, the highly westernized and modernized Chinese metropolis, the author works out this “genuine civilized country” in the hope of competing with the “false civilized Western country”. Therefore, by making the geographic location of “the Civilized World” both fictional and real, the author finds his way to imagining a unique Chinese utopia which might surpass the Western civilization in the late Qing China.