Background: Echocardiography is recommended for assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with acute heart failure but few randomised trials have validated techniques like tissue Doppler (TDI) and speckle tracking (STE) in patients with acute heart failure following ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: This was a substudy from the LEAF (LEvosimendan in Acute heart Failure following myocardial infarction) trial (NCT00324766 ), which randomised 61 patients developing acute heart failure, including cardiogenic shock, within 48 hours after ST-elevation myocardial infarction, double-blind to a 25-hour infusion of levosimendan or placebo. TDI-derived systolic mitral annulus velocity (S′), STE-derived global longitudinal strain (Sl) and strain rate (SRl) were measured at baseline, day 1, day 5 and after 42 days. Results: Datasets rejected for analyses were 2% (TDI) and 17% (STE). S′ increased by 23% in the levosimendan group versus 8% in the placebo group from baseline to day 1 ( p= 0.011) and by 30% vs. 3% from baseline to day 5 ( p <0.0005). Significant, but less pronounced, improvements in global Sl ( p = 0.025 and p = 0.032) and in global SRl ( p = 0.046 and p = 0.001) in favour of levosimendan were also present. Conclusion: S′ by TDI and STE-derived Sl and SRl were sensitive indices for changes in left ventricular systolic function related to treatment with levosimendan. However, S′ by TDI was more feasible and sensitive and might be preferred for assessment of changes in left ventricular systolic function in critically ill patients with acute heart failure receiving inotropic therapy.
Persistence of the prognostic importance of left ventricular systolic function and heart failure after myocardial infarction: 17-year follow-up of the TRACE register