Trends in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation Following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Over a 20-Year Period

Background: Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is a common complication of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Little is known regarding the impact of IMR over a long period of follow up.Methods: Of 3,208 consecutive STEMI patients from a prospective registry, full echocardiographic information was available for 2,985 patients between the years 2000 and 2020. We compared the two decades- 2001 to 2010 and 2011 to 2020, and assessed for the presence of IMR at baseline, 3 (range 2–6) months and 12 (range 10–14) months after the index event.Results: One thousand six hundred and sixty six patients were included in the first decade, 1,319 in the second. Mean patient age was 61.3 ± 12.3 years, 21.1% female patients in the first decade vs. 60.9 ± 12.0 years and 22.2% female in the second (p = 0.40 and p = 0.212, respectively). Rates of moderate IMR or above during the index admission were 17.2% in the first period and 9.3% in the second one (p < 0.001). After 3 months, the rate of IMR was 48.5% for those who suffered from IMR at baseline, vs. 9.5% for those without IMR at baseline (HR- 4.2, p < 0.001). Death rates for those with moderate IMR or above were 14.7% and 17.8% after 1 and 2 years, respectively, vs. 7.3 and 9.6% for those without (p < 0.001 for both). IMR was associated with 1 year mortality in multivariate analysis (HR-1.37; 1.09–2.20, p = 0.009), as well as in propensity score matched analysis (HR 1.29; CI: 1.07–1.91; p < 0.001).Conclusions: IMR is a common complication following acute STEMI, impacting prognosis. Rates of IMR have declined significantly over the years.

ASSOCIATION OF ST ELEVATION IN LEAD AVR WITH LEFT MAIN STEM AND TRIPLE VESSEL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objectives: To determine frequency of left main stem (LMS) and triple vessel coronary artery disease (3VCAD) in patients of Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and to compare the frequency of LMS and 3VCAD in patients with NSTEMI with or without ST elevation in lead aVR. Methodology: Total 346 patients with NSTEMI having age 30-70 years were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The data on demographic details was collected. All patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG) and cardiac specific troponin-I assessment. Patients were categorized as NSTEMI with or without ST-elevation in lead aVR. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients and angiographic findings were noted. Results: Mean age of patients was 51.87±10.03 years. There were 218 (63.01%) males and 128 (36.99%) female patients. 182 (52.60%) patients of NSTEMI had ST elevation in aVR. LMS disease was found in 53 (29.10%) patients with ST elevation in aVR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predive value and negative predictive value of ST elevation in aVR for LMS disease was 62.35%, 50.57%, 29.12% and 80.49% respectively. 3 VCAD was found in 54 (29.70%) with ST elevation in aVR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predive value and negative predictive value of ST elevation in aVR for 3VCAD was 77.14%, 53.52%, 29.67% and 90.24% respectively. Conclusion: NSTEMI patients with ST elevation in aVR may have higher chances of having LMS disease or 3VCAD. There is high negative predictive value for ST elevation in aVR to predict LMS disease or 3VCAD.

Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Left Main Coronary Artery Presenting With Syncope and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

ABSTRACT Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital abnormality associated with myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death. We present a case of a 20 year old previously healthy male presenting with exertional syncope and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary computed tomography angiography showed an anomalous left main coronary artery arising from the right coronary cusp with a slit-like appearance, acute angle origin, intramural course, and a subsequent inter-arterial course between the main pulmonary artery and the proximal aorta. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated myocardial infarction in the distribution of the left main coronary artery. The patient underwent successful surgical correction with unroofing of the left main coronary artery. He has had no syncopal episodes or recurrence of chest pain and returned to full duty status in the United States Marine Corps. This case report demonstrates the evaluation and management of a patient with AAOCA.

A New Predictor of Mortality in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: The Uric Acid Albumin Ratio

Several studies have shown that high uric acid (UA) and low serum albumin (SA) values increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We determined whether the uric acid/albumin ratio (UAR) is a predictor of mortality in STEMI patients. All patients who presented at our center with a diagnosis of STEMI and underwent percutaneous intervention from 2015 to 2020 were screened consecutively; 4599 patients were included. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate UAR, and adjusted predictors obtained from laboratory findings and clinical characteristics contributed to mortality. Also, a regression model was presented with a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The median age of the patients was 58 years (IQR [interquartile range]: 50–67); 3581 patients (77.9%) were male. The incidence of mortality in the entire patient group was 11.9%. Median follow-up duration of all groups was 42 months. Multivariate Cox proportional regression (model-1) analysis showed age (increase 50 to 67 years; HR [hazard ratio]: 1.34, 95% CI 1.18–1.52) and UAR (increase 1.15–1.73; HR: 1.33, 95% CI 1.16–1.52) were associated with mortality. UAR may be a prognostic factor for mortality in STEMI patients and an easily accessible parameter to identify high-risk patients.