scholarly journals Revisiting Ceriantharian (Anthozoa) Mitochondrial Genomes: Casting Doubts about Their Structure and Size

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1440-1443
Author(s):  
David Roy Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
News Media ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Linear Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract Recently, Stampar et al. (2019. Linear mitochondrial genome in Anthozoa (Cnidaria): a case study in. Sci Rep. 9(1):6094.) uncovered highly atypical mitochondrial genome structures in the cnidarian species Pachycerianthus magnus and Isarachnanthus nocturnus (Anthozoa, Ceriantharia). These two mitochondrial DNAs assembled as linear fragmented genomes, comprising eight and five chromosomes, respectively—architectures unlike any other anthozoan mitogenome described to date. What’s more, they have cumulative lengths of 77.8 (P. magnus) and 80.9 kb (I. nocturnus), making them the largest animal mitochondrial DNAs on record, a finding which garnered significant attention by various news media. Here, I take a closer look at the work of Stampar et al. and question their key results. I provide evidence that the currently available mitogenome sequences for I. nocturnus and P. magnus, including their structures, sizes, and chromosome numbers, should be treated with caution. More work must be done on these genomes before one can say with any certainty that they are linear, fragmented, or the largest animal mitogenomes observed to date.

scholarly journals Linear Mitochondrial genome in Anthozoa (Cnidaria): A case study in Ceriantharia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio N Stampar ◽  
Michael B Broe ◽  
Jason Macrander ◽  
Adam M Reitzel ◽  
Marymegan Daly
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Organellar Genome ◽  
Linear Mitochondrial Genome

Sequences and structural attributes of mitochondrial genomes have played a key role in the clarification of relationships among Cnidaria, a key phylum of early-diverging animals. Among the major lineages of Cnidaria, Ceriantharia ("tube anemones") remains one of the most enigmatic groups in terms of its phylogenetic position. We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of two ceriantharians to see whether the complete organellar genome would provide more support for the phylogenetic placement of Ceriantharia. For both ceriantharian species studied, the mitochondrial gene sequences could not be assembled into a circular genome. Instead, our analyses suggest both species have fragmented mitochondrial genomes consisting of multiple linear fragments. Linear mitogenomes are characteristic of members of Medusozoa, one of the major lineages of Cnidaria, but are unreported for Anthozoa, which includes the Ceriantharia. The number of fragments and the variation in gene order between species is much greater in Ceriantharia than among Medusozoa. The novelty of the mitogenomic structure in Ceriantharia highlights the distinctiveness of this lineage but, because it appears to be both unique to and diverse within Ceriantharia, it is uninformative about the phylogenetic position of Ceriantharia relative to other anthozoan groups.

scholarly journals Linear Mitochondrial genome in Anthozoa (Cnidaria): A case study in Ceriantharia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio N Stampar ◽  
Michael B Broe ◽  
Jason Macrander ◽  
Adam M Reitzel ◽  
Marymegan Daly
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Organellar Genome ◽  
Linear Mitochondrial Genome

Sequences and structural attributes of mitochondrial genomes have played a key role in the clarification of relationships among Cnidaria, a key phylum of early-diverging animals. Among the major lineages of Cnidaria, Ceriantharia ("tube anemones") remains one of the most enigmatic groups in terms of its phylogenetic position. We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of two ceriantharians to see whether the complete organellar genome would provide more support for the phylogenetic placement of Ceriantharia. For both ceriantharian species studied, the mitochondrial gene sequences could not be assembled into a circular genome. Instead, our analyses suggest both species have fragmented mitochondrial genomes consisting of multiple linear fragments. Linear mitogenomes are characteristic of members of Medusozoa, one of the major lineages of Cnidaria, but are unreported for Anthozoa, which includes the Ceriantharia. The number of fragments and the variation in gene order between species is much greater in Ceriantharia than among Medusozoa. The novelty of the mitogenomic structure in Ceriantharia highlights the distinctiveness of this lineage but, because it appears to be both unique to and diverse within Ceriantharia, it is uninformative about the phylogenetic position of Ceriantharia relative to other anthozoan groups.

scholarly journals Linear Mitochondrial Genome in Anthozoa (Cnidaria): A Case Study in Ceriantharia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio N. Stampar ◽  
Michael B. Broe ◽  
Jason Macrander ◽  
Adam M. Reitzel ◽  
Mercer R. Brugler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Linear Mitochondrial Genome

scholarly journals Restriction Enzyme Analyses of Cytoplasmic Diversity in Leek

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 596e-596
Author(s):  
D.L. Leite ◽  
M.J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Organellar Genomes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Diversity ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Hybrid leek (Allium ampeloprasum) is significantly more uniform and higher yielding than open-pollinated populations. Because leek has perfect flowers, a male-sterility system is required to produce hybrid seed economically. No cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been described in leek. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genome have correlated with the expression of CMS in many crops. We undertook restriction-enzyme analyses of the chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs to identify polymorphic organellar genomes among 65 accessions of cultivated leek. Polymorphisms were detected in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Reciprocal crosses were generated to establish the transmission of the organellar genomes of leek.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genome evolution in pelagophyte algae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon J Sibbald ◽  
Maggie Lawton ◽  
John M Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Aureoumbra Lagunensis

Abstract The Pelagophyceae are marine stramenopile algae that include Aureoumbra lagunensis and Aureococcus anophagefferens, two microbial species notorious for causing harmful algal blooms. Despite their ecological significance, relatively few genomic studies of pelagophytes have been carried out. To improve understanding of the biology and evolution of pelagophyte algae, we sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes for A. lagunensis (CCMP1510), Pelagomonas calceolata (CCMP1756) and five strains of A. anophagefferens (CCMP1707, CCMP1708, CCMP1850, CCMP1984 and CCMP3368) using Nanopore long-read sequencing. All pelagophyte mitochondrial genomes assembled into single, circular mapping contigs between 39,376 base-pairs (bp) (P. calceolata) and 55,968 bp (A. lagunensis) in size. Mitochondrial genomes for the five A. anophagefferens strains varied slightly in length (42,401 bp—42,621 bp) and were 99.4%-100.0% identical. Gene content and order was highly conserved between the A. anophagefferens and P. calceolata genomes, with the only major difference being a unique region in A. anophagefferens containing DNA adenine and cytosine methyltransferase (dam/dcm) genes that appear to be the product of lateral gene transfer from a prokaryotic or viral donor. While the A. lagunensis mitochondrial genome shares seven distinct syntenic blocks with the other pelagophyte genomes, it has a tandem repeat expansion comprising ∼40% of its length, and lacks identifiable rps19 and glycine tRNA genes. Laterally acquired self-splicing introns were also found in the 23S rRNA (rnl) gene of P. calceolata and the coxI gene of the five A. anophagefferens genomes. Overall, these data provide baseline knowledge about the genetic diversity of bloom-forming pelagophytes relative to non-bloom-forming species.

scholarly journals The linear mitochondrial genome of commensal hydroid Eutima japonica (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Eirenidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1082-1084
Author(s):  
Jung Soo Seo ◽  
Hey-Jin Eom ◽  
Jae-Kwon Cho ◽  
Hyun-Sil Kang ◽  
Jae-Sung Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Linear Mitochondrial Genome

A protocol for isolating insect mitochondrial genomes: a case study of NUMT in Melipona flavolineata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 2401-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Françoso ◽  
Fernando Gomes ◽  
Maria Cristina Arias
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genomes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document