scholarly journals Assessing Personality in Daily Life: Variability Between and Within Persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Giselle Ferguson ◽  
Giancarlo Pasquini ◽  
Andreas Neubauer ◽  
Stacey Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Aging Study

Abstract Trait personality measures may not be able to detect subtle personality changes and fluctuations which may be indicative of cognitive impairment. Measuring personality in daily life may allow sufficient sensitivity to capture this within-person variability. Eighty-six older adults from the Einstein Aging Study completed items assessing daily extraversion and neuroticism for a median of 17 days. Using separate unconditional models, we calculated the proportions of variance in daily extraversion and neuroticism that were due to between-person and within-person variability. Variability in daily extraversion was relatively evenly related to between-person differences and within-person fluctuation (Intra-Class Correlation [ICC] = 0.576), but the majority of variability in daily neuroticism was at the between-person level (ICC = 0.730). Thus, although these daily assessments were sensitive enough to capture within-person variability in personality in daily life, different traits may exhibit more or less of this variability.

scholarly journals The Sequence of Physical and Cognitive Impairment and the Association with Mortality Among Unimpaired Older Mexican Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386-1392
Author(s):  
Brian Downer ◽  
Sadaf Milani ◽  
Rebeca Wong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Mexican Adults

Abstract Background Many older adults become physically and cognitively impaired. However, it is unclear whether unimpaired older adults are more likely to become physically or cognitively impaired first and if this sequence impacts mortality risk. Methods Data came from the Mexican Health and Aging Study. The sample included 1,283 participants aged ≥60 years who were physically and cognitively unimpaired in 2001. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate probabilities of being unimpaired, cognitively impaired only, physically impaired only, or cognitively-physically impaired in 2003. Proportional hazard models were used to estimate mortality risk through 2015 according to physical and cognitive status in 2003. Results The probabilities for being unimpaired, physically impaired only, cognitively impaired only, and cognitively-physically impaired in 2003 were 0.45, 0.22, 0.19, and 0.13, respectively. Older age, female sex, and arthritis were associated with significantly greater probability of becoming physically impaired only than cognitively impaired only in 2003. Cognitive impairment only (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.85) in 2003 but not physical impairment only (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.94–1.58) was associated with greater mortality than being unimpaired in 2003. Cognitively-physically impaired participants had higher mortality risk than participants who were physically (HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.18–2.12) or cognitively (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01–1.84) impaired only. Discussion The likelihood of becoming only physically or cognitively impaired over 2 years varies by demographic and health characteristics. The mortality risk for unimpaired older adults who become cognitively impaired only is similar to those who become physically impaired only. Research should determine if the sequence of cognitive and physical impairments is associated with other outcomes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Attention Process Training (APT-II) On Cognitive and Daily Life Functioning in Patients With a Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Saba ◽  
Jean-Paul Rwabihama ◽  
Éric Bouvard ◽  
Pascale Mettling ◽  
Élise Sztulman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Life Functioning ◽  
Attention Process ◽  
Attention Process Training

Abstract Introduction. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at increased risk of developing dementia even if they do not meet the criteria for dementia. Executive control of working memory, which is implicated in divided attention, is often impaired in this population, and such impairment is a strong predictor of dementia. Slowing the development of dementia by enhancing cognitive and brain plasticity represents a current and future challenge for clinicians and researchers. Cognitive rehabilitation allows patients to compensate for cognitive deficits with the ultimate goal of reducing the impact of such deficits on everyday life. We aim to examine the effectiveness and generalization of an attention and working memory training program (Attention Process Training or APT-II) in improving cognitive and everyday functioning in patients with MCI by means of a single-blind, randomized controlled trial.Methods. Twenty-two MCI patients will be randomly assigned to either a "Cognitive Training with APT-II" group or a "Standard Care" group. Initially, patients will be administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests to ensure that they meet MCI criteria. The intervention will consist of a cognitive training program (APT-II) and will last 8 weeks (two sessions per week). One of the strengths of APT-II training is that it emphasizes the transfer of cognitive gains from training sessions to everyday life. To evaluate the treatment's effectiveness in improving cognitive and daily life functioning, cognitive and functional outcomes will be assessed just before, immediately after, 3 months after, and 6 months after the intervention program. A divided attention memory task performed in virtual reality will also be administered to evaluate the effects of APT-II training on the management of attentional resources in a relatively ecological situation. Perspective. If our results indicate an improvement in the cognitive and daily life performance of older adults with MCI, this non-invasive, low-cost technique may deserve increased consideration as a therapeutic intervention to delay or reverse cognitive decline an diminish the risk of developing dementia in this population.Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04606953, Registered on 28 October 2020.

scholarly journals How Is Daily Social Interaction Related to Loneliness in Older Adults? The Roles of Trait Loneliness and Personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 461-462
Author(s):  
Ruixue Zhaoyang ◽  
Stacey Scott ◽  
Karra Harrington ◽  
Martin Sliwinski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Loneliness is prevalent among older adults and is associated with increased risks for morbidity and mortality. This study examined what types of social interactions could reduce loneliness for older adults and who would benefit the most from social interactions. We used data from 312 community-dwelling older adults (aged 70 to 90 years) who completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) five times a day for 16 consecutive days using smartphones (n=20,507 reports), as part of the ongoing Einstein Aging Study (EAS). At each EMA, participants reported their social interactions in the past 3 to 4 hours and their current feelings of loneliness. Results from multilevel models revealed that older adults reported lower levels of loneliness on occasions when they had pleasant social interactions (p<.000) or interactions with family (p=.001) in the past few hours, compared with occasions when they had no social interaction. In contrast, they reported higher levels of loneliness if they had unpleasant social interactions in the past few hours (p=.004). These within-person (WP) effects of social interactions on momentary loneliness were significantly moderated by participants’ trait levels of loneliness and neuroticism; and were significantly stronger among those with higher (vs. lower) trait loneliness (ps <.001) or neuroticism (ps <.042). Other personality traits (Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness) did not moderate any WP association. These results highlight the importance of having pleasant social interactions and frequent interactions with family for reducing older adults’ loneliness in daily life, especially for those higher in trait loneliness and neuroticism.

scholarly journals Illiteracy and risk of mild cognitive impairment among Mexican older adults: Data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Arce Rentería ◽  
Jet M.J. Vonk ◽  
Silvia Mejia Arango ◽  
Alejandra Michaels Obregon ◽  
Rafael Samper‐Ternent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aging Study

Memory Compensation Strategies in Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Pinghsiu Lin ◽  
Haley M. LaMonica ◽  
Sharon L. Naismith ◽  
Loren Mowszowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Memory Strategy

AbstractObjectives:With the rapid growth of the older population worldwide, understanding how older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) use memory strategies to mitigate cognitive decline is important. This study investigates differences between amnestic and nonamnestic MCI subtypes in memory strategy use in daily life, and how factors associated with cognition, general health, and psychological well-being might relate to strategy use.Methods:One hundred forty-eight participants with MCI (mean age = 67.9 years, SD = 8.9) completed comprehensive neuropsychological, medical, and psychological assessments, and the self-report ‘Memory Compensation Questionnaire’. Correlational and linear regression analyses were used to explore relationships between memory strategy use and cognition, general health, and psychological well-being.Results:Memory strategy use does not differ between MCI subtypes (p > .007) despite higher subjective everyday memory complaints in those with amnestic MCI (p = .03). The most marked finding showed that increased reliance-type strategy use was significantly correlated with more subjective memory complaints and poorer verbal learning and memory (p < .01) in individuals with MCI. Moreover, fewer subjective memory complaints and better working memory significantly predicted (p < .05) less reliance strategy use, respectively, accounting for 10.6% and 5.3% of the variance in the model.Conclusions:In general, the type of strategy use in older adults with MCI is related to cognitive functioning. By examining an individual’s profile of cognitive dysfunction, a clinician can provide more personalized clinical recommendations regarding strategy use to individuals with MCI, with the aim of maintaining their day-to-day functioning and self-efficacy in daily life.

scholarly journals Using Ecological and Twitter-Based Assessments to Examine Impacts in Temporal and Community Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Isabella Bouklas ◽  
Giselle Ferguson ◽  
Giancarlo Pasquini ◽  
Huy Vu ◽  
Mohammadzaman Zamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Aging Study

Abstract In March 2020, Bronx County (NY) saw one of the first U.S. COVID-19 outbreaks. This outbreak coincided with the ongoing Einstein Aging Study (EAS), which involved older adults living in Bronx County completing annual two-week intensive data collection “bursts.” Thus, it serves as a natural experiment to study pre-COVID to early pandemic-related changes in the daily well-being of participants who were at risk both due to their age and their location. We examined within-person change in self-reported negative thoughts, affect, stress, and loneliness from a subsample of 78 EAS participants. Participants’ data from a two-week “burst” of momentary surveys during 2019 were compared with their data from the corresponding timeframe during the early COVID-19 period (February-June 2020). Personality and mild cognitive impairment were examined as predictors of change. Average momentary loneliness significantly increased from 2019 to 2020. Participants with greater neuroticism increased more in thought unpleasantness and depressed feelings. To understand the community context, community distress markers were analyzed using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based assessments of public Twitter posts from Bronx County during the same periods. These Twitter posts also showed a surge of COVID-related topics at the onset of the Bronx outbreak. Language analysis showed a 2019-2020 increase in Bronx community markers of anxiety, depressivity, and negatively-valenced affect extracted from Twitter. We observed 2019-2020 change in both individuals’ well-being (via intensive reports) and in their communities (via Twitter). Contextualizing these with the increased COVID-19 discussion online suggests that these may reflect common pandemic effects.

Can Everyday Technology Use Predict Need of Support in Daily Life Among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment?

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. e97-e98
Author(s):  
Charlotta Ryd ◽  
Anders Kottorp ◽  
Louise Nygård ◽  
Camilla Malinowsky ◽  
Annika Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Daily Life

scholarly journals Mild and moderate cognitive impairment and mortality among Brazilian older adults in long-term follow-up: The Bambui Health Aging Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
Cecilia G. Campos ◽  
Breno S. Diniz ◽  
Josélia O. Firmo ◽  
M. Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
Sergio L. Blay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Toward Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hispanic and African American Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Valarie B. Fleming ◽  
Joyce L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Education Management ◽  
African American Adults

Across the breadth of acquired neurogenic communication disorders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may go undetected, underreported, and untreated. In addition to stigma and distrust of healthcare systems, other barriers contribute to decreased identification, healthcare access, and service utilization for Hispanic and African American adults with MCI. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have significant roles in prevention, education, management, and support of older adults, the population must susceptible to MCI.

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