scholarly journals Reward-related responses and tonic craving in cocaine addiction: an imaging study of the monetary incentive delay task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Zhornitsky ◽  
Isha Dhingra ◽  
Thang M Le ◽  
Wuyi Wang ◽  
Chiang-shan R Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Cocaine Addiction ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Regional Responses ◽  
Cocaine Craving ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay

Abstract Background Cocaine addiction is associated with altered sensitivity to natural reinforcers and intense drug craving. However, previous findings on reward-related responses are mixed and few studies have examined whether reward responses relate to tonic cocaine craving. Methods We combined fMRI and a monetary incentive delay task to investigate these issues. Imaging data were processed with published routines and the results were evaluated with a corrected threshold. We compared reward responses of 50 cocaine dependent individuals (CDs) and 45 healthy controls (HCs) for the ventral striatum (VS) and the whole brain. We also examined the regional responses in association with tonic cocaine craving, as assessed by the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) in CDs. We performed mediation analyses to evaluate the relationship between regional responses, CCQ score, and recent cocaine use. Results The VS showed higher activation to large as compared to small or no wins but this reward-related activity did not differ between CDs and HCs. The precentral gyrus (PCG), anterior insula, and supplementary motor area showed higher activation during large vs. no wins in positive correlation with the CCQ score in CDs. Mediation analyses suggested that days of cocaine use in the prior month contributed to higher CCQ scores and, in turn, PCG reward responses. Conclusions The results highlight a unique relationship between reward responses of the primary motor cortex, tonic cocaine craving and recent cocaine use. The motor cortex may partake in the cognitive motor processes critical to drug seeking behavior in addicted individuals.

Reward Processing in Late Life Depression: Insights From the Monetary Incentive Delay Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S303-S304
Author(s):  
Jack Kaufman ◽  
Joseph Kim ◽  
Anna Bradford ◽  
Jacob Germain ◽  
Victor Patron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Life ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay

scholarly journals The effects of age on reward magnitude processing in the monetary incentive delay task

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 116368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Dhingra ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Simon Zhornitsky ◽  
Thang M. Le ◽  
Wuyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reward Magnitude ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Magnitude Processing ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay

Adolescents are driven by incentive valence, not magnitude, on the monetary incentive delay task

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. e151
Author(s):  
Jane Joseph ◽  
X. Zhu ◽  
C. Benca ◽  
G. Baik ◽  
F. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay

scholarly journals Acute naltrexone does not remediate fronto-striatal disturbances in alcoholic and alcoholic polysubstance-dependent populations during a monetary incentive delay task

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1576-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam J Nestor ◽  
Anna Murphy ◽  
John McGonigle ◽  
Csaba Orban ◽  
Laurence Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay

scholarly journals Robust Changes in Reward Circuitry During Reward Loss in Current and Former Cocaine Users During Performance of a Monetary Incentive Delay Task

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna T. Patel ◽  
Michael C. Stevens ◽  
Shashwath A. Meda ◽  
Christine Muska ◽  
Andre D. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay Task ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay

scholarly journals Der Effekt von Belohnungen auf die intraindividuelle Variabilität der Reaktionszeit bei erwachsenen ADHS-Patienten : eine Analyse anhand des Ex-Gauß’schen Verteilungsmodells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vera Christine Deppert
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay

Increased intraindividual variability of reaction time is a main cognitive feature of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is associated with deficits in sustained attention. While traditionally, mean and variance were used to characterize reaction time distributions, the ex-gaussian distributional model allows a more sophisticated analysis of reaction time series. Reaction time distributions are separated in a normal and an exponential component. The present study investigates the impact of incentives on reaction time variability in a sample of adult ADHD patients. ADHD is associated with increased Tau, the output parameter of the ex-gaussian model characterizing the exponential part of the distribution. Tau is linked to “lapses of attention”, which are more frequent in ADHD patients. It is known that tau can be modulated in ADHD Patients. It was therefore postulated that tau would be higher in ADHD Patients in a paradigm where quick answers were required but could be modulated by monetary incentives. In addition, the effect of “delay discounting”, which is more distinct in ADHD patients, on reaction time variability was investigated. Eventually, the association of variability measures with strength of ADHD symptoms was tested. To this end, reaction time distributions of 62 adult ADHD patients and 45 healthy controls from two different reaction time paradigms were analyzed. The monetary incentive delay task, by comprehending a control – and a win condition, allows an investigation of the effect of incentives on reaction times. Subjects had to react as fast as possible by keypress to a stimulus, after a cue signaled a possible monetary reward. During the Delay-Discounting-Task, subjects had to choose between sooner, but smaller, and higher delayed monetary rewards, during which they could use as much time for consideration as desired. Results show that an increased Tau in the control condition of the monetary- incentive-delay-task could be replicated, while a distinct influence of the win condition emerged. Subjects with ADHD showed an improvement of Tau in the win condition even below the level of healthy controls. However, they showed increased variability of the “regular” responses around the mean of the normal component of the distribution, represented by sigma. Moreover, it was indicated by trend a higher reaction time variability in ADHD patients during choices of delayed rewards. Tau was associated the current symptom strength as well as with the strength of ADHD-Symptoms during childhood, assessed by questionnaire. While the present results could have implications for etiological models of the disease, they may also contribute to the development of novel diagnostic methods. In advanced studies, neural correlates of sophisticated measures of reaction time variability should be investigated. Furthermore, they should be associated with genetic risk factors with regard to possible endophenotypes. Possible implications for clinical handling of patients should be explored.

Störung des Belohnungssystems bei schizophrenen Patienten und der Einfluss typischer und atypischer Neuroleptika

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
G. Juckel ◽  
J. Wrase ◽  
J. Gallinat ◽  
A. Heinz ◽  
F. Schlagenhauf
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay Task ◽  
Monetary Incentive Delay

ZusammenfassungEine Störung des dopaminergen Belohnungssystems bei schizophrenen Patienten wurde wiederholt postuliert. Ein solcher Zusammenhang liegt aufgrund der bei schizophrenen Störungen bekannten dopaminergen Dysfunktion und der klinischen Phänomenologie vor allem der Negativsymptomatik nahe. Der Artikel berichtet die Ergebnisse zweier Studien mit funktioneller Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT), in denen dieser Zusammenhang untersucht wurde. Es wurden zum einen unmedizierte schizophrene Patienten und zum anderen Patienten unter Behandlung mit typischen und atypischen Neuroleptika sowie gesunde Kontrollen mit einem motivationalen Paradigma (Monetary Incentive Delay Task, MID) untersucht. Im Vergleich zu den gesunden Kontrollpersonen zeigten unbehandelte schizophrene Patienten eine signifikant reduzierte Aktivierung des ventralen Striatums inklusive des Nucleus accumbens, einer Kernregion des Belohnungssystems, bei der Antizipation von Gewinn. Je niedriger die individuelle Aktivierung im ventralen Striatum ausfiel, desto höher war die Negativsymptomatik der unbehandelten Patienten. Ähnlich wie bei unbehandelten Patienten zeigten Patienten mit typischer neuroleptischer Medikation keine signifikante Aktivierung des ventralen Striatums und wiederum eine Assoziation mit der Negativsymptomatik, während Patienten mit atypischer neuroleptischer Medikation eine mäßiggradige Aktivierung des ventralen Striatums aufwiesen, die nicht mit der Schwere der Negativsymptomatik korrelierte. Diese Beobachtungen weisen darauf hin, dass sowohl unbehandelte Patienten wie Patienten mit hochgradiger Blockade der Dopaminrezeptoren durch typische Neuroleptika eine Beeinträchtigung des Belohnungssystems aufweisen. Die Erfassung der direkten Interaktion zwischen der Funktion des Belohungssystems und der dopaminergen Neurotransmission ist Gegenstand laufender Studien.

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