StCDPK1 is expressed in potato stolon tips and is induced by high sucrose concentration

O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar sensorialmente o aspartame e a mistura ciclamato/ sacarina 2:1, mediante análise tempo-intensidade capaz de avaliar as características temporais destes compostos. Os edulcorantes foram analisados nos níveis de doçura equivalentes à sacarose em solução a 20 e 30%. Constatou-se que o aspartame e a mistura ciclamato/sacarina 2:1 modificam seu comportamento temporal com aumento na concentração. TIME-INTENSITY EVALUATION OF SWEETNESS AND BITTERNESS OF ASPARTAME AND CYCLAMATE/SACCHARIN IN EQUIVALENT HIGH SUCROSE CONCENTRATION Abstract The objective of the present study was to sensory characterize aspartame and cyclamate/saccharin 2:1 blend by using time-intensity analysis, capable of evaluating the temporal attributes of these compounds. The sweeteners were evaluated at the equi-sweet level of sucrose in solution at 20 and 30%. It was noticed that the aspartame and cyclamate/saccharin 2:1 blend modifies their temporal behavior with concentration increase.

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Distributed leadership and adaptive decision-making in the ant Tetramorium caespitum

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2009.1976 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 277 (1685) ◽

pp. 1267-1273 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

B. Collignon ◽

C. Detrain

Keyword(s):

Distributed Leadership ◽

Food Source ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Foraging Patterns ◽

Tetramorium Caespitum ◽

Collective Decisions ◽

High Sucrose Concentration ◽

Mass Recruitment ◽

Adaptive Decision Making ◽

High Sucrose

In the ant species Tetramorium caespitum , communication and foraging patterns rely on group-mass recruitment. Scouts having discovered food recruit nestmates and behave as leaders by guiding groups of recruits to the food location. After a while, a mass recruitment takes place in which foragers follow a chemical trail. Since group recruitment is crucial to the whole foraging process, we investigated whether food characteristics induce a tuning of recruiting stimuli by leaders that act upon the dynamics and size of recruited groups. High sucrose concentration triggers the exit of a higher number of groups that contain twice as many ants and reach the food source twice as fast than towards a weakly concentrated one. Similar trends were found depending on food accessibility: for a cut mealworm, accessibility to haemolymph results in a faster formation of larger groups than for an entire mealworm. These data provide the background for developing a stochastic model accounting for exploitation patterns by group-mass recruiting species. This model demonstrates how the modulations performed by leaders drive the colony to select the most profitable food source among several ones. Our results highlight how a minority of individuals can influence collective decisions in societies based on a distributed leadership.

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RELEASE OF ENZYMES FROM RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA BY FREEZING

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o65-199 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 1787-1798 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

C. V. Lusena

Keyword(s):

Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽

Membrane Structure ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Freezing Temperature ◽

Liver Mitochondria ◽

Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽

Freezing Damage ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

High Sucrose Concentration ◽

High Sucrose

Glutamate and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activities were used to estimate freezing damage to mitochondria.Freezing damage occurred in mitochondria by two steps: one was rapid and involved changes in membrane structure to expose 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase with concomitant release of glutamate dehydrogenase; the other was a slow extraction of glutamate dehydrogenase. The effect of freezing and thawing was very similar to the effect of exposure to high sucrose concentration and redilution. The data indicate that freezing temperature not only determined the sucrose concentration but also regulated the diffusion of sucrose. A combination of effects, of sucrose concentration and of diffusion, resulted in maximum damage at about −15 °C, while below −40 °C no damage was detectable.

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