8. Competition, The State, and Public Undertakings
Keyword(s):
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines how competition law applies to the actions of the State when it intervenes in the market through undertakings that it controls or owns or which it places in a privileged position. The discussions include the limits of competition law; Article 4 TEU; Article 106; the direct effect of Article 106(1) and (2); Article 106(3); and services of general economic interest and state aid.