Geochemical, Mineralogical and Isotopic Fracturing during the Progressive Evaporation of Chott Djerid Brine (Southern Tunisia)

Djerid Chott, in southwestern Tunisia, is one of the biggest salt lakes in the world. This work follows the specific precipitation of evaporites through progressive evaporation of Chott Djerid brines using geochemical, isotopic and mineralogical approaches, to explain the intricacy of the working of saline frameworks controlled basically by climatic driving and the underlying geochemical structure acquired from the geographical system. Toward the finish of every evaporation step, solid and liquid samples went through analyses. Djerid brine is remarkably saline (427.7 g/l) and it is supersaturated contrasted with halite. The outcomes indicated that the Chott Djerid brines shaped fundamentally Cl--Na+-SO4- type geochemistry. Added to halite and gypsum as significant minerals, other minor minerals including carnallite, hexahydrite and sylvite were recognized in various phases of progressive evaporation of Djerid brine. Regardless of their low costs, significant minerals are of geo-economic interest because of their high amounts of production. Then, minor valuable minerals secure their geo-economic interest from their excessive costs. In this work, we find the window of precipitation of these valuable minerals' at the evaporation paces of 80% and 100%.

Performance of Alfa Fibres in Cementitious Materials Exposed to Diverse Surface Treatments

Alfa plant presents a great ecological and socio-economic interest in the Maghreb countries. It is used in several fields of applications such as craft production and paper industry. However, a few research work has been realized on the valorisation of Alfa fibres in the construction sector. The main objective of this work is to develop an Alfa fibre-reinforced mortar with significant mechanical properties for the facade panel’s manufacturing. It was highlighted that Alfa fibres enhance the flexural strength of reinforced mortars. Therefore, a decrease in the flexural strength of the composite after 90 days of curing. In addition, the incorporation of Alfa fibres reduced the compressive strength of the composite. In this regard, to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite, various treatments were explored: alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide, hydrothermal treatment by water boiling, and coating with sulfoaluminate cement. It was noted that the treatments could provide a partial elimination of the non-cellulosic components and enhance the Alfa fibre roughness. Raw and treated Alfa fibres were incorporated into cement mortars at different lengths of the (10 and 20 mm) with an addition ratio of 1 %vol.. Compared to untreated fibres, fibres treated chemically provide an improvement of 38 % of the flexural strength at 28 days for both fibres length. Unlike the coated fibres, the efficiency of treatment was noted at 90 days of curing. Otherwise, a slight increase in compressive strength was observed compared to the untreated fibres mortar. These results were approved by porosity accessible to water and calorimetric tests.

POLITIK EKOLOGI KEHUTANAN: KEBIJAKAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI DI SAMBELIA, LOMBOK TIMUR

Ecological politics rely solely on economic interest. Development and the environment have a complicated correlation. The industrial plantation forest policy aims to ensure that the economic benefit goes hand in hand with the sustainability demand. Ironically, this policy triggers a conflict between local communities and corporations as the holder of forest concession rights. The concession is practically established due to merely economic interest aligned with the extractive industry of tobacco in Lombok. The plantation is aimed as the supporting source for the tobacco industry since it requires specific woods to roast the tobacco. The study refers to utilizes instrumental state theory and deep ecology perspective to identify how the policy was made for the capital and tobacco capital benefits, while the sustainability objective is left behind. The study shows not only how the concession sparked ironic economic development, but also how the liberal environmentalism approach in industrial forest plantation policy has failed to gain its objective. The economic potential of tobacco in Lombok is the main determinant in industrial forest plantation policy that changes community forests into private forests. In the end, the policy was strategically implemented to sustain production and strengthen corporation monopoly over forests.

SOCIAL INSURANCE AND FEATURES TAXATION OF FARMS

There are farms (individual and family) an important component agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy and effective 224 mechanism that promotes increasing employment and income growth in rural areas, involvement investment resources in agricultural production [1]. Domestic farmers, despite certain economic problems, provide more efficient use of agricultural resources, as it is fully implemented here economic interest the producers themselves, who are mainly owners of these resources, or on lease terms use some of them. In recent years, there has been a negative downward trend in Ukraine number of farms. The main reason for this situation is domestic agrarian experts call the lack of potential farmers start-up capital, on the basis which it would be possible to build an efficiently functioning agricultural production.

Use of Molecular Genetic Methods to Reduce the Risk of Incorrect Identification of Fish Strains in Brazilian Aquaculture

The identification of fish species using traditional methods is generally based only on morphological characteristics and these methods are currently under review. This kind of identification of hybrid fishes solely based on their morphologies may be unreliable, especially when the samples include juveniles and post-F1 lineage fishes. Therefore, in the present study, we used molecular markers to accurately identify the fish species of economic interest that are used as materials in the projects developed in research institutions. We evaluated six lots of fishes sampled from different research centers, containing a total of 84 specimens acquired from private fish farms that were considered to be the representatives of pure species. Genetic analyses of all the specimens revealed that, globally, 22 samples (26.2%) were interspecific hybrids, while 20 (90.9%) samples were surprisingly characterized as post-F1 hybrids. This result confirms that hybrids are sold in markets without adequate labeling and also indicates the lack of proper control of the commercialization and management of stocks and products in fish farms. In addition, we determined that molecular diagnosis was an extremely effective and necessary method to test the reliability of biological materials currently used in scientific research.

Lobbying Beyond the Legislature: Challenges and Biases in Women's Organizations’ Participation in Rulemaking

This study, which is based on a survey of women's organizations’ staff members, answers two previously unexamined questions about women's groups’ participation in the rulemaking process: (1) How do women's organizations participate? (2) What are the characteristics of the women's organizations that are the most likely to participate? About one-quarter (27%) of women's organizations reported that they lobby rulemakers, often using relatively low-cost methods, such as submitting comments or signing on to comments written by coalitions or like-minded groups. Women's organizations with large staffs that are structured the most like political insiders or influential economic interest groups were the most likely to participate in the process, potentially biasing participation in favor of relatively advantaged subgroups of women. Together, these results suggest that although rulemaking presents unique opportunities to represent women, the most marginalized women may be underrepresented during rulemaking debates.

EVOLUTION OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to show in the historical development the formation of the institute of services of general economic interest (SGEI) in the Ukrainian legal tradition under the influence of European integration strategic actions. One of such actions is the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the law of the European Union. SGEI, in the context of another "legal novelty" for Ukraine as state aid as part of competition law, have changed the existing approaches to the distribution of already known subsidies and grants. A set of new rules forced the state authorities to adhere to clear rules, failure to comply with which is fraught with real sanctions. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the institute of SGEI has already found its reflection and practice in the Ukrainian legal system. But at the same time, all norms of legislation on services of general economic interest do not correspond to the practice of the EU, and legislative changes are necessary to launch reforms in this area.

The results of the state population policy in the field of rehabilitation, medical and social expertise, social insurance, labor and employment of work-injured people

Aim. To study the indicators of industrial injuries and occupational morbidity in the Russian Federation and the effectiveness of measures for the professional rehabilitation of injured workers in the context of the implementation of state programs aimed at enhancing the labor force and employment. Methods. The analysis of statistical indicators on the number of workers, insured and injured at work from 2007 to 2018 and the results of measures for victim rehabilitation between 2014 and 2019, using data from Rosstat, reporting form No. 7 social security and open data of the social insurance fund. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. Results. The level of employment of disabled people planned by the Government of the Russian Federation by 2020 at the level of 40% in relation to people who are injured at work has not been achieved. At the same time, about 80% of the injured person had mild and moderate dysfunctions, about 50% were of working age. Against this background, employment at the level of 0.2 to 6.6% per year indicates the insufficient effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation. In most EU countries, where the return to work rate for work-injured people exceeds 90%, the employer and the insurer jointly participate in the professional rehabilitation of the injured, applying and financing all the necessary organizational and rehabilitation measures. In the Russian Federation, measures for occupational adaptation, maintenance of employment and the creation of special jobs are not subject to reimbursement from insurance funds, only educational events are financed. An employer who has caused harm to the health of work-injured is not economically interested in restoring his professional status. The authors encouraged to amend the regulations of the Russian Federation to ensure financing of the entire range of measures for vocational rehabilitation and the economic interest of employers in restoring the occupational status of work-injured people. Conclusion. Despite the favorable decreasing trend of industrial injuries and occupational morbidity at the enterprises of the Russian Federation over the past 12 years, the number of industrial injuries with permanent disability remains high, and the effectiveness of their vocational rehabilitation is low, which requires an expansion of the list of measures for vocational rehabilitation financed from the social insurance fund and ensuring the economic interest of employers in restoring the professional status of work-injured people.

MASKA ARTYSTYCZNA – POMIĘDZY DOBREM OSOBISTYM, ARTYSTYCZNYM WYKONANIEM A UTWOREM

The artistic mask, understood as a “factitious”, creatively developed identity of a person, escapes the long-accepted, and already well-established in the private law, classifications of legal interests. This makes it difficult to answer the fundamental question of whether, and if yes, then subject to what conditions, the artistic mask is protected, and also to establish the legal framework for contractual disposal thereof. This problem becomes particularly important these days, as discussions across a variety of platforms are being held on the development of one’s own personality, self-creation, how we present ourselves to others, and how far we can control how others present us. Moreover, the structure of the mask draws our attention to the area where the material, or tangible, and the immaterial, intangible, interpenetrate each other, the area that is characterized by the conflict of interest, whether or not it pertains to property-related, or economic, interest. The academic research undertaken so far allows to conclude that there are many faces of the artistic mask. Therefore, a question arises whether it is possible at all to assign it to one of the categories of protected interest that is already recognized by the law, namely an image, a work or artistic performance, or it is a new type of legal interest. In our opinion, the problem of the artistic mask is not an anachronistic one, or an artefact from the times of a pursuit to find the grounds for protection of the artists-performers. The analysis of those who practice as performers allows us to observe that the structure of the mask combines two elements, i.e. the identity and the medium. It is a characteristic feature of the mask that everything that makes up the identity, namely the character, the appearance of an impersonated character, is not real, as it would be in the case of an image of a human being, but is artificially created. Unlike is usually the case with a copyrighted work, it is not a physical object that is the carrier, or the medium, for the mask, but a human being. It can be stated that in the case of the mask, the human being is the original copy of the “work”. However, the concept of holding copyright to one’s own person is excluded as such.

Heat Stress Affects the Physiological and Biochemical Quality of Dalbergia nigra Seeds in vitro

The jacaranda of Bahia (Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth) is an endemic tree of a Brazilian neotropical biodiversity hotspot and is of great ecological and economic interest. Given the threat of extinction due to timber overexploitation and climate change, the present study aimed to analyze the physiological and biochemical quality of D. nigra seeds exposed to heat stress. The seeds were sown in a test tube containing woody plant culture medium, kept in a biochemical oxygen demand chamber at 45°C for 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, and then maintained in the same chamber at 25°C for 30 days. Physiological analyses of moisture, electrical conductivity, germination speed index, normal and abnormal seedlings, seedling length, root length, hypocotyl length, collar diameter, seedling and root dry mass, and Dickson quality index revealed a drop in germination and vigor with prolonged heat stress, dropping from 95% to 0% between 0 and 96 hours. This was accompanied by a reduction in the content of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Therefore, the vigor and quality of seedlings is negatively influenced by exposure to heat stress at 45°C. Study Implications: Dalbergia nigra is a species of high economic interest due to its high-quality wood. In the face of climate change, it is necessary to understand the behavior of seeds under temperature above the ideal. The quality and vigor of seedlings produced in vitro at a temperature of 45°C are negatively affected with the increase in hours of heat stress. In addition, the contents of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins present in the seed reserves show a sharp drop with heat stress. Ultimately, heat stress significantly affects seed biochemistry and subsequent seedling physiology.