Pediatric Gastrointestinal Radiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza ◽  
Anna Clebone
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Duodenal Atresia ◽  
Colonic Disease ◽  
Hepatic Hemangioma ◽  
Gastrointestinal Radiology ◽  
Enteric Duplication ◽  
Duodenal Web ◽  
Pediatric Bowel Obstruction

Chapter 12 examines radiologic images for common and uncommon pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. These include neonatal high bowel obstructions such as midgut malrotation and volvulus, duodenal atresia, duodenal web, annular pancreas, and pyloric stenosis. The chapter goes on to look at neonatal low bowel obstruction, including ileal disease such as ileal atresia and meconium ileus and colonic disease such as Hirschsprung disease and meconium plug. We then look at causes of pediatric bowel obstruction in older patients, such as intussusception, appendicitis, enteric duplication cysts, and inguinal hernia. Additional neonatal disorders discussed include necrotizing enterocolitis, and meconium peritonitis. Diseases of the pancreas examined include cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis. Liver tumors reviewed are infantile hepatic hemangioma and hepatoblastoma. Diseases of the biliary system looked at include choledochal cysts and biliary cysts, and biliary atresia. Splenic abnormalities examined include polysplenia and asplenia, heterotaxy syndromes, and sickle cell disease.

scholarly journals Duodenal Atresia and Hirschsprung Disease in a Patient with Down Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Koplay ◽  
Tamer Sekmenli ◽  
Ulas Alabalik ◽  
Ali Sami Kivrak
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Duodenal Atresia

scholarly journals Intraluminal Meckel’s Duplication Cyst Causing Bowel Obstruction in an Infant: A Role for Laparotomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell R. Ladd ◽  
Alejandro V. Garcia ◽  
Derek B. Allison ◽  
Jeffrey R. Lukish
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Duplication Cyst ◽  
Ectopic Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Lower Quadrant ◽  
Intraluminal Mass ◽  
Enteric Duplication ◽  
Right Lower Quadrant

This report describes a two-month-old girl who presented with signs and symptoms of a distal small bowel obstruction. She underwent an abdominal ultrasound that revealed a right lower quadrant cystic mass. A Technetium-99 scan revealed increased activity in the right lower quadrant consistent with a Meckel’s diverticulum. Following a nondiagnostic laparoscopic evaluation, a laparotomy was performed to allow direct palpation of the small bowel and colon. Direct palpation of the ileum revealed a soft intraluminal mass at the ileocecal valve. The child underwent an ileocecectomy and anastomosis incorporating the intraluminal mass. Pathologic analysis revealed an intraluminal enteric duplication cyst containing ectopic gastric mucosa. This case represents the first report of such an entity in an infant. A discussion of the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the case and enteric duplication cysts is provided.

scholarly journals Congenital Duodenal Obstruction in Neonates: Over 13 Years’ Experience from a Single Centre

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Chiranjiv Kumar ◽  
Prince Raj Pandey ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Duodenal Atresia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
Congenital Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Duodenal Web

Aim: To study the prevalence of associated anomalies with neonatal duodenal obstruction and factors impacting short-term survival.Material and methods: Records of 31 neonates with neonatal duodenal obstruction could be retrieved and analyzed for a 13.5-year-period (October 2003-May 2016). M:F ratio was 1.58:1. The mean birth weight was 2.15 kg; 12 patients were preterm. Etiologies included duodenal atresia (n=23), duodenal web (n=8) and malrotation of gut (n= 6).Results: Associated anomalies were seen in 19/31: Down’s syndrome (n=6), anorectal malformation (ARM) (n=5), annular pancreas (n=5), cardiac anomalies (n=4), esophageal atresia with trachea-esophageal fistula (EA with TEF) (n=3). Mortality in the series was 22.5%; 5 deaths and 2 patients left against medical advice in moribund state (hidden mortality). Mortality in associated anomalies group was 5/19; and 2/12 in the no anomalies group, though this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.676). Similarly, low birth weight (LBW) did not have impact on survival (p=0.639) but preterm status had highly significant p value (Conclusion: Duodenal atresia was the commonest cause of neonatal duodenal obstruction. Associated anomalies were noted in 61% patients, Down’s syndrome being the most frequent. These anomalies did not have any significant impact on the survival, nor did LBW. Preterm status had significant impact on prognosis.

scholarly journals Congenital Duodenal Obstruction, Situs Inversus Totalis, and Gastric Perforation in a Neonate

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Piplani ◽  
Samir Kant Acharya ◽  
Deepak Bagga
Keyword(s):  
Situs Inversus ◽  
Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Gastric Perforation ◽  
Duodenal Atresia ◽  
Situs Inversus Totalis ◽  
Contrast Study ◽  
Congenital Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Duodenal Web ◽  
Lesser Curvature

We report a rare case of incomplete congenital duodenal obstruction (Type 1 duodenal atresia) in association with situs inversus totalis presenting with gastric perforation in a neonate. The infantogram was suggestive of perforation with air under diaphragm along with dextrocardia. On exploration, a pin point perforation at fundus near lesser curvature along with situs inversus was noted. Primary closure of gastric perforation was done. Patient was then discharged on full breast feeds but was readmitted with intolerance to feeds and recurrent bilious vomiting. Further, upper GI contrast study revealed partial duodenal obstruction. On re-exploration, duodenal web with central aperture was seen and duodeno-duodenostomy was done.

A case of neonate effectively treated with everolimus for giant hepatic hemangioma complicated with congenital duodenal atresia and Kasabach–Merritt syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
S. Watanabe ◽  
M. Manabe ◽  
M. Miyata ◽  
A. Naoe ◽  
T. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Infantile Hemangioma ◽  
Duodenal Atresia ◽  
Hepatic Hemangioma ◽  
Radical Operation ◽  
Image Evaluation ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Liver Hemangioma ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Giant Hepatic Hemangioma

BACKGROUND: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with Kasabach-Merrit syndrome from a large hepatic hemangioma is life-threatening. We report a case of giant hepatic hemangioma of the newborn with KMS. RESULTS: The patient was born at 37 gestational weeks and 2 days via cesarean section; weight at birth was 2952 g. Congenital duodenal atresia was noted during the fetal period. DIC developed after delivery and a giant liver hemangioma was diagnosed via abdominal CT. The cause of DIC was Kasabach–Merritt syndrome owing to a giant hepatic hemangioma. First, combination therapy of 2 mg/kg/day of prednisolone and 0.2 mg/kg/day of propranolol was initiated form enterostomy. However, the size of the hepatic hemangioma did not alter, as observed via image evaluation. Therefore, 0.3 mg/kg/day of everolimus was administered frorm enterostomy. Subsequently, the size of the hepatic hemangioma was assessed via image evaluation. Although it did not alter, blood flow to the hepatic hemangioma decreased and thrombocytopenia was also suppressed. We performed hepatic lateral segmentectomy, radical operation for duodenal atresia. The pathological diagnosis of the removed tumor was infantile hemangioma. CONCLUSION: We report everolimus may be useful when PSL and propranolol are ineffective.

scholarly journals Rare Variant Hirschsprung Disease Presenting as Large Bowel Obstruction in Adulthood: Hypoganglionosis in the Anorectal Canal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e00610
Author(s):  
Roland Y. Lee ◽  
Huili Li ◽  
Rachel V. White ◽  
Benjamin J. Shin ◽  
James H. Birkholz
Keyword(s):  
Rare Variant ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Large Bowel Obstruction

scholarly journals Role of Tc-99m RBC Scintigraphy in Specific Diagnosis of Giant Hepatic Hemangioma: a Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Rahima Perveen ◽  
Shamim MF Begum ◽  
Nasreen Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Hepatic Hemangioma ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Asymptomatic Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
Giant Hepatic Hemangioma

Hemangioma is one of the most common benign liver tumors. They are mostly asymptomatic. Differentiating hemangiomas from malignant tumoral lesions and metastases by a non invasive method is very important. We report a asymptomatic case with incidental finding of a large massive hemangioma occupying almost whole of the right lobe of liver and emphasized its detection by Tc-99m red blood cell (RBC) three phase imaging and localization of the tumor.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 153-155, July 2014

Cecal Duplication Cyst: A Rare Cause of Pediatric Bowel Obstruction

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482095142
Author(s):  
Steven C. Mehl ◽  
Centura Anbarasu ◽  
Raphael Sun ◽  
Bindi Naik-Mathuria
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Duplication Cyst ◽  
Pediatric Bowel Obstruction

scholarly journals PARTIAL CONGENITAL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION BY DUODENAL ATRESIA WINDSOCKS TYPE: CASE REPORT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Molinaro ◽  
F. Mariscoli ◽  
M. Sica ◽  
E. Bindi ◽  
R. Angotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Duodenal Atresia ◽  
Prenatal Ultrasound ◽  
Double Bubble ◽  
Degree Of Certainty

<strong>Introduction</strong> Duodenal atresia Windsocks type is a rare condition of congenital bowel obstruction. Thanks to recent technological advancements of prenatal diagnosis it is possible to make a diagnosis of duodenal atresia with high degree of certainty through the radiological sign of “double bubble”, but up to date it is not yet possible to identify the type of duodenal atresia. We report the case of a patient with prenatal diagnosis of “double bubble”. The patient had no other concomitant malformations. <br /><strong>Case Report</strong> The patient came to our attention after prenatal ultrasound that showed a picture of double bubble. At the 27th week of gestation we performed fetal MRI that confirmed the US pattern of double bubble but it did not identify with certainty the type of duodenal atresia. At birth the patient underwent GI rx examination that showed a picture of partial duodenal obstruction compatible with the Windsocks type. On the following day, we performed endoscopy which showed the presence of duodenal membrane, so the patient underwent surgical treatment with a longitudinal duodenal incision in order to treat the wind-sock membrane. After one month a further Upper-GI rx examination showed a regular transit of the contrast. Four months after the first operation the patient underwent new surgical treatment for bowel obstruction by adhesions. The operation was successful and the patient had a complete recover.<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong> Patients with prenatal diagnosis of “double bubble” require a multidisciplinary approach for proper clinical management. Unfortunately it is not currently possible to identify with certainty by prenatal ultrasound the type of duodenal atresia, but in case of incomplete bowel occlusion , the possibility of an atresia Windsocks type should always be considered, especially for setting the right surgical approach.

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