Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often fail to resolve with psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, or integrative medicine treatments. Given these limitations, there is a continued push to discover treatment methods utilizing novel mechanisms of action. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers a non-invasive and safe method of brain stimulation that modulates neuronal activity in a focal area to achieve excitation or inhibition, and may have utility for patients suffering from PTSD, although, to date, evidence of efficacy is limited. The TMS treatment can be varied to suit the needs of the patient by altering the selection of the specific treatment parameters, such as pulse frequency or stimulation intensity. The weight of evidence to date supports treatment of either the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the medical prefrontal cortex. Coupling treatment with script based exposure therapies may also assist with potentiation of the extinction response. Ultimately, stimulation parameters may be related to secondary downstream effects, and thus current targets may indirectly reverse the underlying neuronal pathophysiology. Given that PTSD is a complex illness with a poorly understood pathophysiology, it often exists with other psychiatric comorbidities or TBI. As such, TMS could be an effective part of a comprehensive treatment program.