End-Stage Renal Disease—Patient for Kidney Transplant

Attempts at organ transplantation have been made since the 19th century. Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for end stage renal disease. Renal transplant anesthesia requires a thorough understanding of the metabolic and systemic abnormalities in end-stage renal disease, familiarity with transplant medicine, and expertise in managing and optimizing these patients for the best possible outcome. Also, the associated comorbid conditions increase the complexity of anesthesia, pain management, and perioperative morbidity and mortality. Hence a good perioperative management of these patients includes a multidisciplinary collaboration with well-planned anesthetic strategies. This chapter uses a case study of a 69-year-old man who presents for preoperative evaluation prior to consideration of renal transplantation.