Energy metabolism, heart rate and physiological differentiation in the pulmonate gastropod Cornu aspersum

The magnitude of coffee-induced thermogenesis and the influence of coffee ingestion on substrate oxidation were investigated in 10 lean and 10 obese women, over two 24-h periods in a respiratory chamber. On one occasion the subjects consumed caffeinated coffee and on the other occasion, decaffeinated coffee. The magnitude of thermogenesis was smaller in obese (4.9 +/- 2.0%) than in lean subjects (7.6 +/- 1.3%). The thermogeneic response to caffeine was prolonged during the night in lean women only. The coffee-induced stimulation of energy expenditure was mediated by a concomitant increase in lipid and carbohydrate oxidation. During the next day, in postabsorptive basal conditions, the thermogenic effect of coffee had vanished, but a significant increase in lipid oxidation was observed in both groups. The magnitude of this effect was, however, blunted in obese women (lipid oxidation increased by 29 and 10% in lean and obese women, respectively). Caffeine increased urinary epinephrine excretion. Whereas urinary caffeine excretion was similar in both groups, obese women excreted more theobromine, theophylline, and paraxanthine than lean women. Despite the high levels of urinary methylxanthine excretion, thermogenesis and lipid oxidation were less stimulated in obese than in lean subjects.

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Effect of Muscular Activities on Energy Metabolism and Heart Rate in Different Static Postures

The Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon ◽

10.1537/ase1911.84.174 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 174-183

Author(s):

Shintaro YOKOYAMA

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Metabolism

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Circulatory adjustment in pearl divers

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1962.17.2.184 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 184-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

P. F. Scholander ◽

H. T. Hammel ◽

H. LeMessurier ◽

E. Hemmingsen ◽

W. Garey

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽

General Feature ◽

Fetal Bradycardia ◽

Visceral Organs ◽

Native Skin

A seemingly general feature in the adjustment to diving in various mammals, birds, and reptiles is a slow-down and redistribution of the circulation, leaving muscles, periphery, and certain visceral organs with a markedly reduced circulation. This saves oxygen and causes widespread reduction of the energy metabolism. Active as well as quiet diving develops bradycardia without drop in central blood pressure, and lactic acid forming in the muscles during the dive floods the blood when breathing starts. In 31 native skin divers in Australia, diving rarely exceeded 1 min. During the dive, blood pressure stayed normal while heart rate dropped to half; blood lactate (five divers) remained normal but showed an acute rise in the recovery. Evidently humans utilize an adjustment similar to animals. Most of our divers developed various cardiac arrhythmias during the dive, persisting sometimes into the beginning of the recovery. This asphyxial defense seems developed at birth, for fetal bradycardia is common during delivery, and an acute rise of lactic acid after delivery has recently been described. Phylogenetically the mechanism is ancient, for it is found also in fishes when taken out of water. Submitted on August 7, 1961

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