A Framework for Understanding Radicalization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees Van Den Bos
Keyword(s):  
General Feeling ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Chapter 1 introduces and defines the concept of radicalization and associated issues such as extremism and terrorism. In doing so, this chapter introduces a framework that is used in this book to understand the process of radicalization, including extremist beliefs and terrorist behaviors. The chapter notes that an important reason why people radicalize lies in people’s perceptions of unfairness. Especially when one focuses on earlier phases of radicalization, perceptions of unfairness (and associated experiences such as injustice, the opinion that some issues are immoral, and the general feeling that things are “not right”) are key to understanding radicalization, extremism, and terrorism. Figure 1.2 summarizes the process of growing radicalization on which the book focuses. Figure 1.3 depicts the process of prevented or attenuated radicalization on which the book focuses. The chapter ends with an overview of the chapters presented in the book.

Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

A qualitative study of Japanese young people's perceptions of adulthood

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teru Toyokawa ◽  
Reiko Kogo ◽  
Naoki Kamiya ◽  
Aya Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
People’S Perceptions

False admissions of guilt associated with wrongful convictions undermine people’s perceptions of exonerees.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Kyle C. Scherr ◽  
Christopher J. Normile ◽  
Samantha Luna ◽  
Allison D. Redlich ◽  
Megan Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wrongful Convictions ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Chapter 1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Servicio Geológico Colombiano SGC

Nation Branding in A Transnational Marketing Context: Serbia’s Brand Positioning Through Food and Wine

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evinc Dogan ◽  
Goran Petkovic
Keyword(s):  
Nation Branding ◽  
Place Marketing ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Country Branding ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Nation Brand ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Food and gastronomic values of a country are distinguished assets in marketing places. The aim of this article is exploring the ways in which Serbia rebrands itself through promoting the local food and culture and positions the nation brand in a transnational marketing context. The key concepts for this research originate from the literature in place marketing and branding. The gastronomic offer is an instrument shaping people’s perceptions about Serbia that is represented and communicated through values, narratives and manifestations. Accordingly, semiotics is adopted for analysing the data, which builds on three levels: axiological, narrative and discursive. Content analysis is used as a supportive method to infer meanings from codes and to determine emerging themes overarching the units of meaning.  The tourism marketing strategy of The National Tourism Organization of Serbia (TOS) is closely examined through the touristic promotion materials (i.e. catalogues, posters, Soul Food video). In sum, the analysis results reveal how the country branding strategy of Serbia is handled in terms of the impact on the perceptions with a focus on food as a tourist attraction. The research is valuable for place-marketers, strategists, governments, and scholars from different fields of academia.

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