Gender and Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Best ◽  
Angelica R. Puzio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender

Culture and gender are closely intertwined with biological factors creating predispositions for sex and gender development. However, sociocultural factors are critical determinants leading to gender differences in roles and behaviors that may be modest but culturally important. Culture has profound effects on gender-related behavior, values, identity, roles, and how these are regarded in various social contexts. Culture governs the socialization of children, the tasks children are taught, the roles adult men and women adopt, and the expectations that govern women’s and men’s attitudes and behaviors. Culture provides the context in which gender roles, identity, and stereotypes unfold as well as parameters regarding sexual behavior. Culture affects variation in gender-related behaviors between individuals within a cultural group as well as variation between cultures. Culture can maximize, minimize, or even eliminate gender differences in social behaviors and cognitions. Indeed, it is impossible to separate gender and culture.

Gender in a Social Psychology Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thekla Morgenroth ◽  
Michelle K. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Differences

Understanding gender and gender differences is a prevalent aim in many psychological subdisciplines. Social psychology has tended to employ a binary understanding of gender and has focused on understanding key gender stereotypes and their impact. While women are seen as warm and communal, men are seen as agentic and competent. These stereotypes are shaped by, and respond to, social contexts, and are both descriptive and prescriptive in nature. The most influential theories argue that these stereotypes develop in response to societal structures, including the roles women and men occupy in society, and status differences between the sexes. Importantly, research clearly demonstrates that these stereotypes have a myriad of effects on individuals’ cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors and contribute to sexism and gender inequality in a range of domains, from the workplace to romantic relationships.

scholarly journals The Science of Salt: A focused review on salt-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, and gender differences

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briar McKenzie ◽  
Joseph Alvin Santos ◽  
Kathy Trieu ◽  
Sudhir Raj Thout ◽  
Claire Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender

War and HIV: Sex and gender differences in risk behaviour among young men and women in post-conflict Gulu District, Northern Uganda

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetal Patel ◽  
Martin T. Schechter ◽  
Nelson K. Sewankambo ◽  
Stella Atim ◽  
Sam Lakor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Gulu District ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

Sex and Death: Gender Differences in Aggression and Motivations for Violence

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

AbstractGreater theoretical consensus and cohesion could offer critical insights for the broader community of international relations scholars into the role that gender plays in spawning and sustaining processes of violence. This review essay examines the role of gender in generating and perpetuating violence and aggression, both in theory and practice. I make four central claims. First, in many studies involving the role of sex and gender in violence, specific causal models tend to remain underspecified. Second, a divergence in fundamental assumptions regarding the ontological basis of sex differences implicitly permeates and shatters this literature. Third, arguments that men and women are more or less likely to fight appear too simplistic; rather, it is worth considering that men and women may possess different motivations for fighting, and fight under different circumstances and for different reasons. Finally, systematic differences in the variant psychologies of men and women regarding the relative merit of offense and defense exert predictable consequences for public opinion surrounding the conduct of war in particular.

Gender Differences for Appearance-Related Attitudes and Behaviors: Implications for Consumer Welfare

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot Burton ◽  
Richard G. Netemeyer ◽  
Donald R. Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Sociocultural Perspective ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
And Behaviors

Drawing from a sociocultural perspective, the authors examine the influences of gender and concern and perception of appearance on a variety of dependent variables in four different studies. Although appearance concern affects the attitudes and behaviors of both men and women, gender often moderates the strength of these relationships. Several of the authors’ findings have important consumer welfare implications. Specifically, they argue that sociocultural norms pertaining to appearance encourage women to engage in potentially harmful behaviors, such as eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, and intentional sunbathing, to a larger degree than men.

Sex and Gender Differences

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hausmann ◽  
Barbara Schober
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences
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