Externality as Symbol
Architecture is the first of Hegel’s “individual arts”—which also include sculpture, painting, music, and poetry—discussed in Part III of his lectures on aesthetics. These arts are defined by the senses they engage. Architecture’s task is to give shape to tactile materials in order to house the spiritual. Hegel describes architecture’s origins in the Tower of Babel and figures representing natural forces, then considers the emergence of architecture proper in Egyptian pyramids. Architecture reached its highest point in the classical world, where its function—housing the spiritual—was made explicit by structures that balanced the organic and the mathematical. Romantic architecture, for instance the gothic splendor of the Cologne Cathedral, instead hides its functionality and becomes more sculptural. Hegel also discusses horticulture as an example of humans defining space in an architectural way.