Proportionality
This chapter discusses, again from both a normative and a descriptive perspective, issues having to do with the role of proportionality in causal judgment. In my treatment, proportionality has to do, roughly, with the extent to which a cause is characterized in such a way that the variation in the effect is captured by variation in the cause. Proportionality was introduced into philosophical discussion by Yablo; this chapter retains the underlying idea of his proposal but reformulates it in order to respond to various philosophical criticisms. It is argued that, so understood, proportionality has a natural normative rationale and that there is experimental evidence that ordinary subjects judge in accord with it. Several different formulations of proportionality are explored and contrasted.