The New Trade Mark ‘Package’

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mühlendahl ◽  
Dimitris Botis ◽  
Spyros Maniatis ◽  
Imogen Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Creation

Trade mark protection in Europe, when the European Economic Community was established in 1957, was territorial in nature, and the respective trade mark systems varied widely. Reforms were undertaken in some of the original six and eventually nine Member States, highlighted by the creation of a uniform trade mark system for the three Benelux countries in 1970, and the introduction of the requirement of use in Germany in 1967.

Unification of gift and inheritance taxes and the protection of taxpayers – the inheritors and recipients of donations

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Stefan Babiarz
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Union Member ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
European Union Member States

Gift and inheritance tax in the European Union Member States is calculated and charged in numerous ways. In the majority of countries of the European Economic Community it constitutes a separate tax. In several countries it is not charged at all or is part of the income tax. Despite the attempts made by the European Commission to unify the legislation of the Member States in this regard, there has been no success. The article presents the above-mentioned attempts of the European Commission, their results and consequences. It identifies the methods of avoiding a double or even triple taxation on cross-border inheritances or donations. This is of crucial significance also to the Polish citizens who demonstrate higher and higher investment activity in the countries of the European Economic Community and third countries.

An Anglo-American Dilemma

Worldview ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Lionel Gelber
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
British Economy ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Community Membership ◽  
American Dilemma ◽  
The People ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Relation

The people of Britain will soon vote on Britain's terms of entry into the European Economic Community, Although the consequences of that referendum will be highly significant, it is difficult to predict the outcome of the balloting. It is possible, however, to anticipate what some of the consequences will be if the British accept the renegotiated terms of entry.For Britain, Community membership may entail diminution of her own sovereignty; a weakening of the valuable Anglo-American relation; the creation of a neutralist, an tt-American Third Force; and a dislocation of the British economy. Each of these must be very seriously evaluated before the vote is taken, before the die is cast.

When Germany Accepted a European Industrial Policy: Managing the Decline of Steel from 1977 to 1984

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Warlouzet
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Supranational Institutions

Abstract From 1977 to 1984, an ambitious European industrial policy was implemented by the European Economic Community for the first and only time in its history. It dealt with the crisis of the steel sector. This paper strives to understand why member states chose this solution, despite the fact that some of them were hostile to the devolution of power to supranational institutions, as for example Britain or France. The most reluctant state was Germany, whose officials usually associated any attempts of EEC-wide industrial policy with dirigism. The paper, based on archives of three governments (Germany, France, the United Kingdom) and of the European Commission, argues that the European solution was best for member states, and in particular for Germany, in order to control their neighbours and avoid a costly subsidy race.

The Merger of the Institutions of the European Communities

1967 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Weil
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Energy Community

On April 8, 1965, the representatives of the six member states (Belgium, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and The Netherlands) of the European Communities signed the “Treaty Establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European Communities.” The treaty’s principal object is to replace the executive bodies of the three Communities, i.e., the Commissions of the European Economic Community (E.E.C.) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (E.C.S.C.) by a single European Commission. At the same time, the Councils of Ministers of these three Communities are to be merged into one Council. This Merger Treaty is intended to be the first step toward the ultimate merger of the E.C.S.C, instituted by the Treaty of Paris of April 18, 1951, and the E.E.C. and EURATOM, instituted by the Eome Treaties of March 25, 1957.

The European Economic Community: A Sovereign Entity Under its Own Legal Order

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Ivan Sipkov
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Community ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Common

The European Economic Community (EEC), also known as the European Community, the Common Market, and the Community, originated through the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty. The inaugural agreement was signed in Paris on April 18, 1951, and became effective on July 25, 1952. The original members included Germany, France, Italy, and the Benelux countries of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. The primary task of the ECSC Treaty was to create a common market for coal and steel by prohibiting all duties on imports and exports and all quantitative and private restraints on competition. This Treaty is considered the first step towards a united Europe. Its decisive innovation was to entitle the Community's institutions established by the Treaty to directly bind member states and enterprises by means of its decisions.

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