Some Representative Subterranean Communities

Author(s):  
David C. Culver ◽  
Tanja Pipan

Among shallow subterranean habitats, representative communities of hypotelminorheic (Lower Potomac seeps, Washington, DC), epikarst (Postojna–Planina Cave System, Slovenia), milieu souterrain superficiel (MSS) (central Pyrenees, France), soil (central Pyrenees, France), calcrete aquifers (Pilbara, Western Australia), lava tubes (Tenerife, Spain and Lava Beds National Monument, California), fluvial aquifers (Lobau wetlands, Austria), and iron-ore caves (Brazil) are described. Among non-cave deeper habitats, communities of phreatic aquifers (Edwards Aquifer, Texas), and deep phreatic aquifers (basalt aquifers, Washington) are described. Among cave habitats, representative tropical terrestrial (Gua Salukkan Kallang, Sulawesi, Indonesia), temperate terrestrial (Mammoth Cave, Kentucky), chemoautotrophic (Peştera Movile, Romania), hygropetric (Vjetrenica, Bosnia & Herzegovina), anchialine (Šipun, Croatia), cave streams (West Virginia and U.K.) and springs (Las Hountas, Baget basin, France) communities are discussed.

Author(s):  
P. Stone ◽  
G. Froyland ◽  
M. Menabde ◽  
B. Law ◽  
R. Pasyar ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
L. Fletcher

Single fragment of iron, having an estimated weight of eleven pounds, was found about the year 1880 on or near the top of Alleghany Mountain, 3 miles north of White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County, not far from the eastern border of West Virginia, U.S.A. ; this corresponds to longitude 80° 20' W. of Greenwich, latitude 37° 51' N. The finder and his official agent, thinking it a piece of rich iron ore, searched unsuccessfully for a vein : the specimen itself was taken to a country smith's shop, heated and cut with a cold chisel; the pieces were distributed as specimens of iron ore. Some time afterwards, two of them, weighing respectively 63 oz. and 31 oz., were given by the agent to Mr. Matthew A. Miller, Civil Engineer, of Richmond, Virginia ; convinced of their meteoric origin, he immediately tried to recover the pieces already distributed, but after travelling several hundred miles was forced to the conclusion that they were irrecoverably lost. From Mr. Miller the two pieces were acquired for the British Museum.


2014 ◽  
Vol 393 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Angerer ◽  
Paul Duuring ◽  
Steffen G. Hagemann ◽  
Warren Thorne ◽  
T. Campbell McCuaig

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