Magnetic Sans of Bulk Ferromagnets

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-171
Author(s):  
Andreas Michels
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Magnetic Nanocomposites ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Guinier Law ◽  
Moriya Interaction ◽  
Sans Data

In chapter 4 we use the results for the Fourier components to compute the unpolarized and spin-polarized SANS cross sections. These expressions serve to highlight certain features of magnetic SANS such as the role of the magnetodipolar and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, and are then applied to analyze experimental SANS data on various bulk magnetic materials such as soft and hard magnetic nanocomposites. Furthermore, this chapter contains discussions on the magnetic Guinier law and on the asymptotic power-law exponents found in magnetic SANS experiments, as well as two sections summarizing magnetic SANS results on nanocrystalline rare-earth metals in the paramagnetic temperature regime and on dislocations.

Partial photoionization cross-sections at the 3d thresholds of rare earth metals

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cramm ◽  
U. Grabowski ◽  
C. Kunz ◽  
J. Schmidt-May ◽  
F. Senf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Rare Earth Metals

scholarly journals Role of vacancies, light elements and rare-earth metals doping in CeO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shi ◽  
T. Hussain ◽  
R. Ahuja ◽  
T. W. Kang ◽  
W. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Light Elements

7. For all practical purposes: technologies of the elements

2004 ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Philip Ball
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Semiconducting Properties ◽  
Computer Chips

‘For all practical purposes: technologies of the elements’ considers the variety that exists within the elements, and how they can be applied to our everyday lives. Iron and steel gave early armies the edge in battle, but the role of carbon in steel production was not understood until the eighteenth century. Silicon was used in glass for centuries, but its semiconducting properties make it the ideal substance for computer chips. The platinum group metals were unsuccessfully marketed as alternatives to silver, but now they are integral in catalytic converters. Palladium gained notoriety as a key ingredient of ‘cold fusion’, and rare earth metals are used in television screens.

Effects of Ce on the Inclusions and Mechanical Properties of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1344-1348
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Long Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Transverse Impact ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Dimple Fracture ◽  
Reduction Of Area

The effects of rare earth metals on the inclusions and the mechanical properties of 2Cr13 stainless steel were studied by metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the morphologies and sizes of inclusions in 2Cr13 stainless steel are changed, and rare earth metals played a very good role of modifying inclusions. The fracture mode of 2Cr13 stainless steel is typical cleavage fracture, but quasi-cleavage and dimple fracture after adding Ce into the steel, and the spherical inclusions of rare earth oxysulfide in the dimple are the main factors for this transformation. The transverse impact toughness of 2Cr13 stainless steel is improved obviously by Ce. In comparison with 2Cr13 stainless steel without Ce, the transverse impact toughness of 2Cr13 stainless steel with Ce is increased 54.55% at -40°C, and the room temperature strength are improved, the elongation and reduction of area have been improved 11.90%, 16.67 respectively.

scholarly journals The role of ultrafast magnon generation in the magnetization dynamics of rare-earth metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (39) ◽  
pp. eabb1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Frietsch ◽  
A. Donges ◽  
R. Carley ◽  
M. Teichmann ◽  
J. Bowlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Spin Dynamics ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Ultrafast Dynamics ◽  
Magnetization Dynamics ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Ultrafast demagnetization of rare-earth metals is distinct from that of 3d ferromagnets, as rare-earth magnetism is dominated by localized 4f electrons that cannot be directly excited by an optical laser pulse. Their demagnetization must involve excitation of magnons, driven either through exchange coupling between the 5d6s-itinerant and 4f-localized electrons or by coupling of 4f spins to lattice excitations. Here, we disentangle the ultrafast dynamics of 5d6s and 4f magnetic moments in terbium metal by time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We show that the demagnetization time of the Tb 4f magnetic moments of 400 fs is set by 4f spin–lattice coupling. This is experimentally evidenced by a comparison to ferromagnetic gadolinium and supported by orbital-resolved spin dynamics simulations. Our findings establish coupling of the 4f spins to the lattice via the orbital momentum as an essential mechanism driving magnetization dynamics via ultrafast magnon generation in technically relevant materials with strong magnetic anisotropy.

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