COLD FUSION ON THE BASIS OF THE MODEL OF THE PLANET EARTH

Cold fusion is not possible in atmospheric conditions but it is possible underground. Synthesis formation is connected with electricity in the entrails of the earth. Electricity is produced with the help of friction and geospheres speed differential from the core (20-40 m/s to the surface), the speed of which according to GPS data is 2-16 cm per year. Faraday has determined planet electric capacity with 1 farad. Continent drift takes place at the expense of geospheres rotation, leading to subduction of ocean and continental plates, abduction, spreading, rifting and collision. An example of planet formation is ball concretions.

The Return of Pathological Science Accompanied by a Pinch of Replication

No discussion of irreproducible science would be complete without at least a brief consideration of what happens when scientists go a step or two beyond questionable research practice (QRP)-driven research. So, continuing the metaphor of scientific journeys, Robert Park’s iconic book title, Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud, encapsulates the interdisciplinary examples of what Irving Langmuir (a Nobel Prize recipient in chemistry) termed pathological science more than 65 years ago. The chapter discusses more recent examples of this phenomenon in some detail from both the physical sciences (cold fusion) and their sociobehavioral counterparts (the Daryl Bem psi episode). The latter (undoubtedly a virtual mentee of Joseph Banks Rhine whose exploits were exposed by Professor Langmuir) is given more prominence here because of its influence on the genesis of reproducibility crisis itself.

Critical Thinking: A Model of Intelligence for Solving Real-world Problems

Most traditional theories of intelligence have little to do with the question of whether people with high intelligence can successfully address real world problems. A high IQ is correlated with many important outcomes (e.g., academic prominence, reduced crime), but it does not protect against cognitive biases, partisan thinking, reactance, confirmation bias, and even falling for discredited beliefs such as alchemy, cold fusion, and astrology. There are several newer theories that directly address the question about solving real-world problems. Prominent among them is Sternberg’s adaptive intelligence with “adaptation to the environment” as the central premise, a construct that does not exist on standardized IQ tests (e.g., Sternberg, 2019). Similarly, Stanovich and West (2014) argue that standardized tests of intelligence are not measures of rational thought—the sort of skill/ability that would be needed to address complex real-world problems. Halpern and Butler (2020) advocate for critical thinking as a better model of intelligence for addressing real-world problems than those that are based on psychometric properties of general intelligence. Yes, intelligence (i.e., critical thinking) can be enhanced and used for solving a real-world problem like Covid-19, which we use as an example of contemporary problems that need a new approach. Critical thinking may be an antidote for the chaos of the modern world.

Discuss the abnormal exothermic phenomenon “ cold fusion “

The research on cold fusion phenomenon has been in the past 30 years. Based on the research results of the predecessors, this article comprehensively describes the research results of the predecessors on the cold fusion phenomenon, and discusses it theoretically and experimentally. From the perspective of thermodynamics, this paper proposes to charge the palladium wire with hydrogen at low temperature to increase the frequency of abnormal heat generation, and gives a calculation formula for the hydrogen charging rate of the palladium wire. At the same time, a theoretical solution model for the isotope effect on the abnormal heat release phenomenon is proposed.

What Happens after Publication?

This chapter explores in detail what happens after a paper is published, in terms of the ways in which papers have an impact, the importance of subsequent citations, and how the importance of a paper to its parent field can be eventually judged. This is illustrated by following the citation trends of several key historical scientific papers (e.g., Watson and Crick on DNA, the first report of the identification of Buckminsterfullerene) and exploring rates of citation, the peak citation times, the manner in which the papers were referred to at different times, and, in general, the way in which ripples of information transfer across the scientific community. Examples of papers to which reaction was negative (e.g., the report on cold fusion) or mixed (NASA’s report of possible fossil micro-organisms in Martian rock) are also discussed.