Politics and Economics

Author(s):  
Mark Valeri

Despite the fact that Edwards never authored an extended or thorough commentary on political and economic matters, we can detect his assumptions and the general shape of his political and economic commentary scattered throughout his moral treatises, biblical commentary, miscellaneous observations, and sermons. A devoted subject of the Hanoverian monarchy, he presumed that Britain’s empire was the most laudable political system in the Atlantic world. Among other virtues, it served as a hedge against French Catholicism. He interpreted the meaning of that empire through Whig political agendas, which included a robust endorsement of Britain’s transatlantic commercial empire. Yet Edwards’s theological agendas often devalued political and commercial loyalties into contingent goods, subject to critique. He held that theological virtues had the power to minimize national identities in favour of worldwide Christian communion and universal benevolence.

Res Publica ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Bart Maddens

The political socialization of a sense of national belonging is problematic in a socio-political environment where children are confronted with multiple national identities. A survey was administered to a diversified sample of 1000 Flemish secondary school pupils, aged 17-18. The data show that most Flemish preadults,when asked, hesitate between the Flemish and the Belgian identity, which they moreover hardly consider as contradictory. This lack of a single evident fatherland somehow results in an absence of genuine patriotism. Significant in this respect is the fact that identification with the local community takes preference over allegiance to the nation. In addition, Flemish youth adopt a low-profile attitude towards both Flanders and Belgium. The political socialization process apparently does not effect an emotional attachment to either the Flemish or the Belgian political system . Obviously, respondents who vote fora Flemish-nationalistic party,or whose parents do so, tend to prefer the Flemish identity.


Author(s):  
Alberto Riveros ◽  
Gustavo Castellano

X ray characteristic intensity Ii , emerging from element i in a bulk sample irradiated with an electron beam may be obtained throughwhere the function ϕi(ρz) is the distribution of ionizations for element i with the mass depth ρz, ψ is the take-off angle and μi the mass absorption coefficient to the radiation of element i.A number of models has been proposed for ϕ(ρz), involving several features concerning the interaction of electrons with matter, e.g. ionization cross section, stopping power, mean ionization potential, electron backscattering, mass absorption coefficients (MAC’s). Several expressions have been developed for these parameters, on which the accuracy of the correction procedures depends.A great number of experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations show that the general shape of ϕ(ρz) curves remains substantially the same when changing the incident electron energy or the sample material. These variables appear in the parameters involved in the expressions for ϕ(ρz). A good description of this function will produce an adequate combined atomic number and absorption correction.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  

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