Dual-Process Models of Criminal Decision Making

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jean-Louis van Gelder

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Rational Choice ◽

Decision Process ◽

Choice Models ◽

Dual System ◽

Process Models ◽

Dual Process ◽

System Models ◽

Dual Process Models ◽

Point Of Departure

This chapter discusses the application of dual-process and dual-system models to offender decision making. It is argued that these models offer a more accurate account of the decision process than the traditional choice models in criminology, such as rational choice and deterrence models, and can overcome their various limitations. Specific attention is devoted to the hot/cool perspective of criminal decision making, which takes the dual-process hypothesis as a point of departure. This model is rooted in the idea that both “cool” cognition and “hot” affect, or thinking and feeling, guide behavior and that understanding their interaction is fundamental for understanding how people make criminal choices.

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Development of Judgment, Decision Making, and Rationality

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.542 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maggie Toplak ◽

Jala Rizeq

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Development ◽

Systematic Errors ◽

Judgment And Decision Making ◽

Process Models ◽

Dual Process ◽

Heuristics And Biases ◽

Research Traditions ◽

Dual Process Models ◽

Gradual Onset

There is a long tradition of studying children’s reasoning and thinking in cognitive development and education. The initial studies in the cognitive development of reasoning were motivated by Piagetian models, and developmental age was thought to bring the gradual onset of logical thinking. The introduction of heuristics and biases tasks in adults and dual process models have provided new perspectives for understanding the development of reasoning, judgment, and decision-making skills. These heuristics and biases tasks provided a way to operationalize the systematic errors that people make in their judgments. Dual process models have advanced our understanding of the basic processes implicated in both optimal and non-optimal responders on several types of paradigms, including heuristics and biases tasks and classic reasoning paradigms. Importantly, these skills and competencies are generally separable from the types of higher cognition assessed on measures of intelligence and executive function task performance. Given the history of the study of reasoning in cognitive development, there is a need to integrate our understanding across these somewhat separate literatures. This is especially true given the opposite predictions that seem to be suggested in these different research traditions. Specifically, there is a focus on increasing logical development in the classic cognitive developmental literature and alternatively, there has been a focus on systematic errors in judgment and decision-making in the study of reasoning in adults. This article provides an integration of the two aforementioned perspectives that are rooted in different empirical and historical traditions. These considerations are addressed by drawing upon their research traditions and by summarizing more recent developmental work that has investigated these paradigms.

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