Nabataean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Graf
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Lunar Calendar ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
Eastern Periphery ◽  
Native Literature ◽  
Large Corpus

Located on the eastern periphery of the Roman Empire, the Nabataean client-kingdom played an important role in regional politics and international trade, but it is primarily known from Greek and Latin writers, of whom Josephus is of primary importance. What can be postulated about any native literature has to be culled from a variety of sources, including treatises on Arabika that survive only in fragments, a rather large corpus of Nabataean Aramaic inscriptions, and papyri. They provide glimpses at least of possible ethnographical, mythological, legal, and religious works. In particular, inscriptions and papyri refer to archives, and are saturated with Arabic loanwords implying this was the private or native Nabataean language. Nabataean religious festivals and activities were organized around a lunar calendar, preserved in a few zodiac representations, with well-regulated pilgrimages and related activities, suggesting records and texts were preserved in temple archives.

Egyptian—Demotic

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedhelm Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Near East ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
The State ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Textual Material ◽  
Large Corpus

Demotic is a late phase of the Egyptian language and writing which began in the middle of the seventh century BCE. When after 30 BCE Egypt became part of the Roman Empire, Demotic was still widely used by the Egyptian priestly elite. A large corpus of literary, paraliterary and documentary texts has survived mainly on papyri, sherds, and as graffiti. Only in the middle of the fifth century CE, by which time Christianity was established as the state religion, does Demotic cease to exist. This chapter gives an overview of the Demotic language and writing, as well as its rich textual material and different forms and genres, and also draws the reader’s attention to the international relations (mainly with the ancient Near East and with Greece, but also e.g. with India) which can be observed in Demotic texts.

The “Plantheon” of Greek Mythology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Taiz ◽  
Lee Taiz
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Greek Mythology ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
Eleusinian Mysteries ◽  
Religious Worldviews

“The ‘Plantheon’ of Greek Mythology” examines how—before the emergence of competing scientific paradigms—agricultural paradigms were subsumed into myth and integrated into religious worldviews that associated plants and agricultural abundance with women and goddesses. Hesiod’s Theogony provides valuable insights into Greek ideas about gender that influenced how plants were understood. Philosophers initiated a transition from myth-based to logic-based belief systems, but their proto-scientific views must be viewed against the backdrop of Greek mythology and religion. Women played important roles in religious festivals and rituals, the most enduring of which, the Eleusinian Mysteries, lasted until the end of the Roman Empire. The Eleusinian Mysteries and the Thesmophoria took as their basic text the Homeric “Hymn to Demeter” which recounts the story of Demeter, goddess of grain and the harvest, and her daughter Kore/Persephone. Myths concerning Aphrodite, Artemis, Chloris, Cybele, Adonis, Daphne, Dionysus and others, including the goddess Hermaphrodite, are discussed.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Roman Calendar

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwayne Meisner
Keyword(s):  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Lunar Calendar ◽  
Religious Festivals

The Roman calendar was first developed as a lunar calendar, so it was difficult for the Romans to reconcile this with the natural solar year. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, creating a solar year of 365 days with leap years every four years. This article explains the process by which the Roman calendar evolved and argues that the reason February has 28 days is that Caesar did not want to interfere with religious festivals that occurred in February. Beginning as a lunar calendar, the Romans developed a lunisolar system that tried to reconcile lunar months with the solar year, with the unfortunate result that the calendar was often inaccurate by up to four months. Caesar fixed this by changing the lengths of most months, but made no change to February because of the tradition of intercalation, which the article explains, and because of festivals that were celebrated in February that were connected to the Roman New Year, which had originally been on March 1.

Historical reconstruction as a basis for the formation of a new tourist product

10.12737/6575 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. Драчева ◽  
E. Dracheva
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
World War ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
Event Tourism ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Military

Historic reenactment and it’s case — military-historic reenactment are def ned in the article. Historic reenactment сan be def ned as an educational activity, a hobby or an activity for amusement, leisure or as a reproduction of the material and spiritual culture of a particular epoch and also may have scientif c purposes. Historic reenactment is particularly overviewed . Live history and historic tournaments (buhurts) are emphasized in the article. Further in the article it is said about the process of preparation and organization of historic reenactments, the whole industry has been formed in this sphere. Historic reenactments are retrospectively overviewed from ancient times through middle ages to modern times when the f rst clubs dealing with them appeared. Also directions of historic reenactments are shown here: Roman empire, Middle ages, Napoleon wars, Religious festivals, World War I, World War II. Numerous examples of historic reenactments in Russia are depicted as well as their impact on the development of event-tourism and theme-tourism. Particular features and f nancial aspects of historic reenactments carried out in Moscow are spoken about. The growing role of historic reenactments in the development of event-tourism in Moscow is described, particularly the military-historic festival “Times and epochs” is spoken about. Financial aspects of historic reenactments in Moscow are viewed upon.

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