خیبرپختونخوا میں سکھوں کے معاشرتی مسائل کا شرعی جائزہ اور ان کا حل

The study is conducted with a view to analyze the social problems of the Sikh community in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in light of the Islamic Sharia. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was reservation for various religions from ancient times and Sikh creed is one of them. Guru Nanak is its founder and its successor Ranjit Singh has ruled this province for some time i-e (1834-1849) but later on unable to maintain its kingdom and supremacy. The author has collected the major social problems from the social, political, business men and other influential people of various districts through face to face interviews and other print and electronic media. The study find these major problems: registration of marriage act, building of shamshanghaat, educational curriculum and minority seats in educational institutions, census problems, free celebration of cultural and religious festivals, pending of social and religious cases in courts and teasing of the children in schools by saying kafir kafir etc. The study concluded that, the Islamic Sharia allows them full social freedom under certain conditions and keeping in view the sentiments of the Muslims which is an important part of the Islamic history.

سلطان باہوؒ کی پنجابی شاعری پر حدیث نبوی کا اثر

The study is conducted with a view to analyze the social problems of the Sikh community in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in light of the Islamic Sharia. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was reservation for various religions from ancient times and Sikh creed is one of them. Guru Nanak is its founder and its successor Ranjit Singh has ruled this province for some time i-e (1834-1849) but later on unable to maintain its kingdom and supremacy. The author has collected the major social problems from the social, political, business men and other influential people of various districts through face to face interviews and other print and electronic media. The study find these major problems: registration of marriage act, building of shamshanghaat, educational curriculum and minority seats in educational institutions, census problems, free celebration of cultural and religious festivals, pending of social and religious cases in courts and teasing of the children in schools by saying kafir kafir etc. The study concluded that, the Islamic Sharia allows them full social freedom under certain conditions and keeping in view the sentiments of the Muslims which is an important part of the Islamic history.

THE LEVELS OF JOY IN MUSLIMS’ CELEBRATIONS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN EID AND WEDDINGS

The current study intended to analyze the levels of joy in religious festivals. It involved 387 Pakistani Muslims including men (n=143) and women (n=282). Data was collected through a specifically developed questionnaire in Urdu. The findings revealed that Pakistani Muslims enjoy their festivals at a very low degree and the levels of joy in Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha remains significantly lower than the levels of joy in weddings. The level of joy for Pakistanis during different festivals could not exceed 31 percent. The findings further revealed that, instead of being joyous, a little minority of the respondents felt sadness and tiredness while celebrating different festivals. Men had significantly higher levels of joy on Eid-Ul-Fitr and Eid-Ul-Adha as compared to women. Women had significantly higher levels of joy on close-relative’s wedding as compared to men. Unmarried had significantly higher levels of joy on friend’s wedding as compared to married. Kajian kali ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keceriaan pada hari raya keagamaan. Ini melibatkan 387 Muslim Pakistan termasuk pria (n=143) dan wanita (n=282). Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang dikembangkan secara khusus dalam bahasa Urdu. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa Muslim Pakistan menikmati festival mereka pada tingkat yang sangat rendah dan tingkat kegembiraan di Idul Fitri dan Idul Adha tetap jauh lebih rendah daripada tingkat kegembiraan dalam pernikahan. Tingkat kegembiraan orang Pakistan selama festival yang berbeda tidak bisa melebihi 31 persen. Temuan lebih lanjut mengungkapkan bahwa, alih-alih gembira, sebagian kecil responden merasakan kesedihan dan kelelahan saat merayakan festival yang berbeda. Pria memiliki tingkat kegembiraan yang jauh lebih tinggi pada Idul Fitri dan Idul Adha dibandingkan dengan wanita. Wanita memiliki tingkat kegembiraan yang jauh lebih tinggi pada pernikahan kerabat dekat dibandingkan dengan pria. Belum menikah memiliki tingkat kegembiraan yang jauh lebih tinggi pada pernikahan teman dibandingkan dengan menikah.

Feasting Ritually: An Ethnography on the Implications of Feasts in Religious Rituals

Food and feast are integral and key components of human cultures across the world. Feasts associated with religious rituals have special social and cultural significance when compared to those in any other festivities or celebrations in people’s life. In this study, an approach is made to comparatively analyze the feasts at religious festivals of two distinctive groups of people, one with a characteristic of simple society and the other of a complex society. The annual feast happening at the hamlets of the Anchunadu Vellalar community in the last days of the calendar year is an occasion that portrays the egalitarian nature of the people. While this feast is restricted within a single community of particular caste affiliation and geographical limitations, the feast associated with the kaliyattam ritual of village goddess in North Malabar is much wider in scope and participation. The enormous feast brings the people in a larger area and exhibits a solidarity that cuts across boundaries of religion, caste and community. Beyond the factors of social solidarity and togetherness, these events also illustrate its divisive characters mainly in terms of social hierarchy and gender. A comparative study of both the two feasts of two different contexts reveals the characteristic features of religious feasts and the value of food and feast in social life and solidarity and also how it acts as a survival of their past and as a tradition.

Performing Ploutos

The question of the relation of ritual and theatre has long been debated and may never come to a satisfying result. Nevertheless, certain features of theatrical performances, especially in the ancient Greek poleis, show a close connection of both performative acts. In particular, there is a strong interdependence of the dramatic agon and religious festivals, such as the Great Dionysia and the Lenaia. The aim of this article is to shed a new light not only on the relation of theatre and ritual, but also on the reception of theatre in the visual arts and the impact it had on religious developments of that time. I hereby focus on the heightened emergence of personifications in the middle of the 5th century BC which is reflected in a number of personifications who appear on stage in the Aristophanic comedies. One of them is Ploutos, the personified Wealth and one of the main characters in the homonymous play. By combining the representation of Ploutos in the visual arts with the literary sources on his person, a new image of this personification emerges. Through recapturing fragments and fractures of the multifaceted personification Ploutos, a process of transformation and adaption shows through that accommodates not only the relation of ritual and theatre, but also highlights the extraordinary standing of personification in the ancient Greek pantheon.

Contemporary Transformations in the Brazilian Popular Catholic Festivals: the Case of the Holy Divine Spirit Festival (Festa do Divino)

The Azorean families, wherever they migrated, brought their cultural background in which there clearly stood out celebrations of the annual festival of the Divine Holy Spirit. The Festa do Divino, as it is called in Brazil, has turned, in places where they originally settled down, into one of the most famous religious festivals of the Brazilian Popular Catholicism. However, due to some contemporary sociocultural factors, mostly linked to the more and more frequent application of the laws of market economy to the sphere of religion and also to the visible liberalization of the religious festivals’ “rules of conduct,” it has been recently suffering from some important modifications. In this article, we present and analyze such changes, basing on the study of celebrations of this popular religious tradition in four different municipalities of four different states of Brazil.

Pesta Pongal dan Tahun Baru Cina, Perayaan Adat atau Perayaan Keagamaan? Satu Toleransi Agama di Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to examine the celebrations of non-Muslims, namely the Pongal Festival for Hindus and the Chinese New Year for the Chinese community, on whether the Pongal Festival and Chinese New Year are customary or religious festivals and to propose interfaith dialogue as the solution to ensure religious tolerance among the people. This phenomenon highlights the importance of interfaith dialogue to achieve inter-religious tolerance especially for Malaysia consists various races and religions. This literature review study using qualitative method concluded that the Pongal Festival celebrated by Hindus is religious in nature due to the element of worship to the Gods. Meanwhile, Chinese New Year consists of celebrations which can be classified as customary or cultural celebrations. According to the syara’, any act of tasyabbuh in akidah and belief is strictly prohibited. Though the aspect of tasyabbuh needs to be looked further in detail especially in the context of Malaysia as pluralistic-society country. Therefore, inter-religious dialogue, a consensus within the framework of a plural society can be created in a harmonious environment by taking into account the spirit of the Malaysian constitution which celebrates freedom of religion and by considering Islam as the religion of the federation.

Letter Forms and Distinctive Spellings

As a contribution to further study of the remarkable 'New Festival Calendar from Arkadia' jointly published in Kernos 2016 by James Clackson and Jan-Mathieu Carbon, this chapter proposes a comparative analysis of the letter forms on this bronze and on the most ancient Arcadian inscriptions already known, in accordance with the method developed by Jeffery in Local Scripts of Archaic Greece. The aim is to clarify the dating of the new inscription. The study of a set of specific spellings (in particular for [ts]) allows their geographical distribution to be highlighted. Confrontation with other dialectal specificities then allows the origin of the inscription to be established more clearly, as well as the conditions of writing what may be seen as rules regulating animal sacrifices and the calendar of local religious festivals. A note discusses the interpretation of Κορυνίτιον‎, LL. 3, 7.

Historical Study of Travancore -Cochin Social Relations: A Model to the Relationship between Native States during the British Period

Erstwhile Travancore and Cochin together form an integral part of sovereign India and associated themselves in a series of social endeavours. In the process of social formation, both the states underwent far-reaching changes. Travancore and Cochin, the neighbouring states; intermingled their culture and life from very long time. The social changes in Travancore directly or indirectly affected the Cochin states. While considering the relations of each State, there were diverse dimensions. Along with various disputes, they had maintained jovial relations with each other. Socially, economically and culturally they had irrevocable relations between them. Both the States had developed common art forms, performing arts, temple arts and religious festivals .From 1729 to 1949, social relations of Travancore and Cochin easily led to the formation of Travancore –Cochin Integration. The social reform movements of Travancore had great impact not only in Travancore but also in Cochin. Both states were the native states of British, maintained their own entity in their social relations. It is the model to other states. Ancient tradition of culture in the states helped to maintain a balanced and healthy social relation in the long run of its integration and finally formed as a modern State Kerala.

The Novel ‘Ezharaippangali Vagaiyara’ from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology

‘Culture’ is the gradual development of civilization in human society. Every society has its own behaviors according to its ethnicity. Elements of culture are found in everything from spoken language, relationship levels, artefacts, arts, professions, oral traditions, religious festivals, beliefs, and rituals. They have been quoted in the literature ever since. Thus many novels tell the life story of the Islamic people. In which s. Arshia’snovel ‘Ezharaippangali Vagaiyara’ is one of them. These novels, which focus on the life of the Islamic people, reveal the culture of that community. Cultural anthropology, a branch of anthropology, is at the forefront of this modern-day study. According to the semantic and non-material elements of ‘cultural anthropology’, research is carried out on the novel of the sevenfold genre. This study is based on the idea that one can know the culture of a society in terms of the principles stated by ‘cultural anthropology’.