Inhibition of Flower Induction by Some Inhibitors of Protease in the Short-day Plant Lemna paucicostata 6746 and the Long-day Plant Lemna gibba G3

1990 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Induction ◽  
Lemna Gibba ◽  
Lemna Paucicostata ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day

scholarly journals Echinacea purpurea `Magnus': Is It an Intermediate-day or a Short-day/Long-day Plant?

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100D-1100
Author(s):  
Ki Sun Kim ◽  
Art Cameron ◽  
Erik S. Runkle
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Primary Induction ◽  
Short Days

Echinacea purpurea Moench., or purple coneflower, has been classified both as an intermediate-day plant and a short-day/long-day plant by different research groups. We performed experiments to determine at what developmental stage Echinacea`Magnus' became sensitive to inductive photoperiods, and identified photoperiods that induced the most rapid flowering. Seedlings were raised under continuous light in 128-cell plug trays, then were transplanted into 11.4-cm plastic pots. Plants were transferred to 10-hour short days (sd) once seedlings developed 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 true leaves. After 4 or 6 weeks of sd treatment (primary induction), plants were moved to 16- or 24-hour photoperiods until flowering (secondary induction). Plants were also grown under continuous 10-, 14-, and 24-hour photoperiods to serve as controls. At least 4 leaves were required for flower induction; flowering was delayed and the percentage was low when plants had 3 leaves at the beginning of primary induction. Plants under continuous 14-hour photoperiods had the highest flower percentage (100%) and flowered earliest (87 days). Plants under continuous 10- and 24-hour photoperiods did not flower. Four weeks of sd followed by 16-hour photoperiods induced complete flowering and in an average of 95 days. However, 6 weeks sd was required for 100% flowering when the final photoperiod was 24 hours.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of flower induction for long-day pitaya by supplementary lighting in short-day winter season

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xiong ◽  
Chengli Liu ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Shuang-Shuang Wei ◽  
Jia-quan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Abstract Background: Pitayas are currently attracting considerable interest as a tropical fruit with numerous health benefits. However, as a long-day plant, pitaya plants cannot flower in the winter season from November to April in Hainan, China. To harvest pitayas with high economic value in the winter season, it is necessary to provide supplementary lighting at night to induce flowering. To further explore the molecular regulating mechanisms of flower induction in pitaya plants exposed to supplementary lighting, we used de novo RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis for four stages of pitaya plants subjected to light induction. Results: We assembled 68113 unigenes in total, comprising 29782 unigenes with functional annotations in the NR database, 20716 annotations in SwissProt, 18088 annotations in KOG, and 11059 annotations in KEGG. Comparisons between different samples revealed different numbers of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A number of DEGs involved in energy metabolism-related processes and plant hormone signaling were detected. Moreover, we identified many CONSTANS-LIKE, FLOWERING LOCUS T, and other DEGs involved in the direct regulation of flowering including CDF and TCP, which function as typical transcription factor genes in the flowering process. At the transcriptomic level, we verified 13 DEGs with different functions in the time-course response to light-induced flowering by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Conclusions: The identified DEGs may include some key genes controlling the pitaya floral-induction network, the flower induction and development is very complicated, and it involves photoperiod perception and different phytohormone signaling. These findings will increase our understanding to the molecular mechanism of floral regulation of long-day pitaya plants in short-day winter season induced by supplementary lighting.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of flower induction for long-day pitaya by supplementary lighting in short-day winter season

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xiong ◽  
Chengli Liu ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Shuang-Shuang Wei ◽  
Jia-quan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Abstract Background: Pitayas are currently attracting considerable interest as a tropical fruit with numerous health benefits. However, as a long-day plant, pitaya plants cannot flower in the winter season from November to April in Hainan, China. To harvest pitayas with high economic value in the winter season, it is necessary to provide supplementary lighting at night to induce flowering. To further explore the molecular regulating mechanisms of flower induction in pitaya plants exposed to supplementary lighting, we used de novo RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis for four stages of pitaya plants subjected to light induction. Results: We assembled 68113 unigenes in total, comprising 29782 unigenes with functional annotations in the NR database, 20716 annotations in SwissProt, 18088 annotations in KOG, and 11059 annotations in KEGG. Comparisons between different samples revealed different numbers of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A number of DEGs involved in energy metabolism-related processes and plant hormone signaling were detected. Moreover, we identified many CONSTANS-LIKE, FLOWERING LOCUS T, and other DEGs involved in the direct regulation of flowering including CDF and TCP, which function as typical transcription factor genes in the flowering process. At the transcriptomic level, we verified 13 DEGs with different functions in the time-course response to light-induced flowering by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Conclusions: The identified DEGs may include some key genes controlling the pitaya floral-induction network, the flower induction and development is very complicated, and it involves photoperiod perception and different phytohormone signaling. These findings will increase our understanding to the molecular mechanism of floral regulation of long-day pitaya plants in short-day winter season induced by supplementary lighting.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of flower induction for long-day pitaya by supplementary lighting in short-day winter season

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xiong ◽  
Chengli Liu ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Shuang-Shuang Wei ◽  
Jia-quan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

Abstract Background: Pitayas are currently attracting considerable interest as a tropical fruit with numerous health benefits. However, as a long-day plant, pitaya plants cannot flower in the winter season from November to April in Hainan, China. To harvest pitayas with high economic value in the winter season, it is necessary to provide supplementary lighting at night to induce flowering. To further explore the molecular regulating mechanisms of flower induction in pitaya plants exposed to supplementary lighting, we used de novo RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis for four stages of pitaya plants subjected to light induction. Results: We assembled 68113 unigenes in total, comprising 29782 unigenes with functional annotations in the NR database, 20716 annotations in SwissProt, 18088 annotations in KOG, and 11059 annotations in KEGG. Comparisons between different samples revealed different numbers of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A number of DEGs involved in energy metabolism-related processes and plant hormone signaling were detected. Moreover, we identified many CONSTANS-LIKE , FLOWERING LOCUS T , and other DEGs involved in the direct regulation of flowering including CDF and TCP , which function as typical transcription factor genes in the flowering process. At the transcriptomic level, we verified 13 DEGs with different functions in the time-course response to light-induced flowering by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Conclusions: The identified DEGs may include some key genes controlling the pitaya floral-induction network, the flower induction and development is very complicated, and it involves photoperiod perception and different phytohormone signaling. These findings will increase our understanding to the molecular mechanism of floral regulation of long-day pitaya plants in short-day winter season induced by supplementary lighting.

Photoperiodism and rhythmic flower induction: complete substitution of inductive darkness by light

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1241-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Response Type ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Promotive Effect

In a short-day response type of Chenopodium rubrum (ecotype 60°47′ N), light of a relatively low red/far-red ratio—but of sufficient energy to allow photosynthesis—can bring about induction of flowering when it completely replaces a single dark period interrupting continuous white light. When high-intensity white incandescent light was interrupted for less than a 24-hour period, a longer period of inductive light than darkness was required even for minimal induction. An inductive light interruption of at least 60 hours was required for 100% flower induction. The result of such forcing of the system by inductive light, as compared with the circadian rhythmic induction that occurred in darkness, was a change towards a more linear inductive response and there were indications (requiring confirmation) of oscillations of higher frequency.When seedlings were maintained continuously in optimal inductive light or in darkness, after an initial high intensity white light period, there was some flower initiation within 5 days in inductive light, but not until about 10 days in darkness, and then only when sucrose was supplied throughout darkness.There were suboptimal and (inhibitory) supraoptimal effects on induction when the R/FR ratio and (or) the energy of inductive light were decreased or increased, respectively. These results, in conjunction with the effects that were obtained when glucose and 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) were applied in inductive light as compared with darkness, implicate both photosynthate and phytochrome-Pfr as having a positive (promotive) effect during normal inductive darkness.These findings emphasize that the important controls in photoperiodism and flowering may be quantitative rather than qualitative in character, because it can now be questioned whether there is any essential dark-requiring reaction in the induction not only of long-day but also of short-day plants.

scholarly journals Influence of Daylength Delivery on Flowering in Several Herbaceous Perennial Species

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861F-861
Author(s):  
Cheryl Hamaker ◽  
William H. Carlson ◽  
Royal D. Heins ◽  
Arthur C. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Light ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Campanula Carpatica

To determine the most effective lighting strategies for flower induction of long-day (LD) plants, 10 species of herbaceous perennials were chilled at 5C for 0 or 12 weeks and then forced at 20C under the following photoperiods: short day, 4-h night interruption (4-h NI), 7-h night interruption (7-h NI), 7-h day extension, 7-h predawn (7-h PD), and 24-h continuous light (24-h). All treatments consisted of a 9-h photoperiod of sunlight supplemented with 90 μmol·m–2 from HPS lamps. LD treatments were delivered by incandescent lights and induced flowering in obligate LD plants. Rate of flowering, height, and bud number at first flower varied among species and LD treatments. Although flowering was accelerated under 24-h and 7-h NI for most species, it was delayed under 24 h for Coreopsis verticillata `Moonbeam' and Campanula carpatica. For unchilled plants of most species, flowering was delayed under 7-h PD compared to other LD treatments. Chilling decreased time to flower and reduced differences between LD treatments. Coreopsis `Moonbeam' and C. Ianceolata `Early Sunrise' were shorter when grown under 4-h NI.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of flower induction for long-day pitaya by supplementary lighting in short-day winter season

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xiong ◽  
Chengli Liu ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Shuang-shuang Wei ◽  
Jia-quan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Supplementary Lighting
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