scholarly journals Alterations in Shoulder Kinematics and Associated Muscle Activity in People With Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M Ludewig ◽  
Thomas M Cook
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Serratus Anterior Muscle ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Shoulder Impingement ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Load Conditions

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Treatment of patients with impingement symptoms commonly includes exercises intended to restore “normal” movement patterns. Evidence that indicates the existence of abnormal patterns in people with shoulder pain is limited. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics and associated scapulothoracic muscle activity in a group of subjects with symptoms of shoulder impingement relative to a group of subjects without symptoms of shoulder impingement matched for occupational exposure to overhead work. Subjects. Fifty-two subjects were recruited from a population of construction workers with routine exposure to overhead work. Methods. Surface electromyographic data were collected from the upper and lower parts of the trapezius muscle and from the serratus anterior muscle. Electromagnetic sensors simultaneously tracked 3-dimensional motion of the trunk, scapula, and humerus during humeral elevation in the scapular plane in 3 hand-held load conditions: (1) no load, (2) 2.3-kg load, and (3) 4.6-kg load. An analysis of variance model was used to test for group and load effects for 3 phases of motion (31°–60°, 61°–90°, and 91°–120°). Results. Relative to the group without impingement, the group with impingement showed decreased scapular upward rotation at the end of the first of the 3 phases of interest, increased anterior tipping at the end of the third phase of interest, and increased scapular medial rotation under the load conditions. At the same time, upper and lower trapezius muscle electromyographic activity increased in the group with impingement as compared with the group without impingement in the final 2 phases, although the upper trapezius muscle changes were apparent only during the 4.6-kg load condition. The serratus anterior muscle demonstrated decreased activity in the group with impingement across all loads and phases. Conclusion and Discussion. Scapular tipping (rotation about a medial to lateral axis) and serratus anterior muscle function are important to consider in the rehabilitation of patients with symptoms of shoulder impingement related to occupational exposure to overhead work.

Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Muscle Activity During Upper-Body Exercises

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Rogers ◽  
Joaquin Calatayud ◽  
Sebastien Borreani ◽  
Juan C. Colado ◽  
N Travis Triplett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Upper Trapezius Muscle

scholarly journals Scapular Muscle Tests in Subjects With Shoulder Pain and Functional Loss: Reliability and Construct Validity

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A Michener ◽  
N Douglas Boardman ◽  
Peter E Pidcoe ◽  
Angela M Frith
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Functional Loss ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Isometric Muscle

Abstract Background and Purpose. Scapular muscle performance evaluated with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) has been investigated only in people without shoulder dysfunction for test-retest reliability of data obtained with a single scapular muscle test. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, error, and validity of data obtained with an HHD for 4 scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss. Subjects and Methods. Subjects (N=40) with shoulder pain and functional loss were tested bymeasuring the kilograms applied with an HHD during 3 trials for muscle tests for the lower trapezius, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles. Concurrently, surface electromyography (sEMG) data were collected for the 4 muscles. The same procedures were performed 24 to 72 hours after the initial testing by the same tester. Muscle tests were performed 3 times, and the results were averaged for data analysis. Results. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intratester reliability of measurements of isometricforce obtained using an HHD ranged from .89 to .96. The standard error of the measure (90% confidenceinterval [CI]) ranged from 1.3 to 2.7 kg; the minimal detectable change (90% CI) ranged from 1.8 to 3.6 kg. Construct validity assessment, done by comparing the amounts of isometric muscle activity (sEMG) for each muscle across the 4 muscle tests, revealed that the muscle activity of the upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscles washighest during their respective tests. Conversely, the isometric muscle activity of the middle trapezius and serratus anterior muscles was not highest during their respective tests. Discussion and Conclusion. In people with shoulder pain and functional loss, the intrarater reliability and error over 1 to 3 days were established using an HHD for measurement of isometric force for the assessment of scapular muscle performance. Error values can be used to make decisions regarding individual patients. Construct validity was established for the lower and upper trapezius muscle tests; therefore, these tests are advocated for use. However, construct validity was not demonstrated for the serratus anterior and middle trapezius muscle tests as performed in this study. Further investigation of these muscle tests is warranted.

Rehabilitation of Scapular Muscle Balance

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1744-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Cools ◽  
Vincent Dewitte ◽  
Frederick Lanszweert ◽  
Dries Notebaert ◽  
Arne Roets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Muscle Balance ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Balance Rehabilitation

Background Strengthening exercises for the scapular muscles are used in the treatment of scapulothoracic dysfunction related to shoulder injury. In view of the intermuscular and intramuscular imbalances often established in these patients, exercises promoting lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT), and serratus anterior (SA) activation with minimal activity in the upper trapezius (UT) are recommended. Hypothesis Of 12 commonly used trapezius strengthening exercises, a selection can be performed for muscle balance rehabilitation, based on a low UT/LT, UT/MT, or UT/SA muscle ratio. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Electromyographic activity of the 3 trapezius parts and the SA was measured in 45 healthy subjects performing 12 commonly described scapular exercises, using surface electromyography. Results For each intramuscular trapezius ratio (UT/LT, UT/MT), 3 exercises were selected for restoration of muscle balance. The exercises side-lying external rotation, side-lying forward flexion, prone horizontal abduction with external rotation, and prone extension were found to be the most appropriate for intramuscular trapezius muscle balance rehabilitation. For the UT/SA ratio, none of the exercises met the criteria for optimal intermuscular balance restoration. Conclusion In cases of trapezius muscle imbalance, some exercises are preferable over others because of their low UT/LT and UT/MT ratios. Clinical Relevance In the selection of rehabilitation exercises, the clinician should have a preference for exercises with high activation of the LT and MT and low activity of the UT.

Upper trapezius muscle activity in healthy office workers: reliability and sensitivity of occupational exposure measures to differences in sex and hand dominance

Ergonomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Marker ◽  
Jaclyn E. Balter ◽  
Micaela L. Nofsinger ◽  
Dan Anton ◽  
Nathan B. Fethke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Hand Dominance ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Upper Trapezius Muscle

The Influence of Neck–Shoulder Pain on Trapezius Muscle Activity among Professional Violin and Viola Players: An Electromyographic Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Berque ◽  
Heather Gray
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Shoulder Region ◽  
And Performance

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the neck-shoulder area are common among violin and viola players. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) on muscle activity, by measuring electromyographic activity in the upper trapezius (UT) muscles of violin and viola players under three experimental conditions: rest, performance of an easy piece, and performance of a difficult piece. Ten professional violin and viola players from a Scottish orchestra volunteered to take part in the study. Five subjects complained of pain in the neck-shoulder region; five were pain-free. Bilateral surface electromyography (EMG) was used, following submaximal reference voluntary contractions, to record the muscle activity of the UT muscles during the three experimental conditions. Subjects were randomly allocated to the conditions. A four-factor balanced analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. The results revealed that the pain-free subjects developed more UT muscle activity than subjects experiencing neck-shoulder pain (F = 4.07, df = 1, p = 0.05). Furthermore, the subjects developed significantly more UT activity when progressing from the rest condition to performance of the difficult piece (F = 36.64, df = 2, p> < 0.001). The PRMD subjects developed more UT activity than the pain-free subjects at rest. The opposite tendency was observed for the playing conditions. However, the results were not statistically significant for this interaction (F = 1.85, df = 2, p = 0.169). The results suggest that redistribution of the load to other synergistic muscles may be a strategy used by PRMD subjects to alleviate pain or discomfort at the nec-shoulder area. The voluntary monitoring of shoulder muscle activity may be of great importance in the prevention of PRMDs in viola and violin players.

Relative Balance of Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Muscle Activity during Push-Up Exercises

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Ludewig ◽  
Molly S. Hoff ◽  
Erin E. Osowski ◽  
Shane A. Meschke ◽  
Peter J. Rundquist
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Upper Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Push Up

scholarly journals Scapular Muscle Exercises Following Neck Dissection Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer: A Comparative Electromyographic Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife C. McGarvey ◽  
Peter Grant Osmotherly ◽  
Gary R. Hoffman ◽  
Pauline E. Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Accessory Nerve ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Strengthening Exercises

Background Shoulder pain and dysfunction can occur following neck dissection surgery for cancer. These conditions often are due to accessory nerve injury. Such an injury leads to trapezius muscle weakness, which, in turn, alters scapular biomechanics. Objective The aim of this study was to assess which strengthening exercises incur the highest dynamic activity of affected trapezius and accessory scapular muscles in patients with accessory nerve dysfunction compared with their unaffected side. Design A comparative design was utilized for this study. Methods The study was conducted in a physical therapy department. Ten participants who had undergone neck dissection surgery for cancer and whose operated side demonstrated clinical signs of accessory nerve injury were recruited. Surface electromyographic activity of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, rhomboid major, and serratus anterior muscles on the affected side was compared dynamically with that of the unaffected side during 7 scapular strengthening exercises. Results Electromyographic activity of the upper and middle trapezius muscles of the affected side was lower than that of the unaffected side. The neck dissection side affected by surgery demonstrated higher levels of upper and middle trapezius muscle activity during exercises involving overhead movement. The rhomboid and serratus anterior muscles of the affected side demonstrated higher levels of activity compared with the unaffected side. Limitations Exercises were repeated 3 times on one occasion. Muscle activation under conditions of increased exercise dosage should be inferred with caution. Conclusions Overhead exercises are associated with higher levels of trapezius muscle activity in patients with accessory nerve injury following neck dissection surgery. However, pain and correct scapular form must be carefully monitored in this patient group during exercises. Rhomboid and serratus anterior accessory muscles may have a compensatory role, and this role should be considered during rehabilitation.

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