Estimating Radiation Dose to Major Organs in Dental X-Ray Examinations: A Phantom Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Bingsheng Huang ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Tianqi Fang ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Level ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Effective Radiation

Abstract The radiation doses absorbed by major organs of males and females were studied from three types of dental X-ray devices. The absorbed doses from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), panoramic and intraoral X-ray machines were in the range of 0.23–1314.85 μGy, and were observed to be high in organs and tissues located in or adjacent to the irradiated area, there were discrepancies in organ doses between male and female. Thyroid, salivary gland, eye lens and brain were the organs that received higher absorbed doses. The organ absorbed doses were considerably lower than the diagnostic reference level for dental radiography in China. The calculated effective radiation doses for males and females were 56.63, 8.15, 2.56 μSv and 55.18, 8.99, 2.39 μSv, respectively, when using CBCT, the panoramic X-ray machine and intraoral X-ray machine. The effective radiation dose caused by CBCT was much higher than those of panoramic and intraoral X-ray machines.

scholarly journals Reducing cranial computed tomography effective radiation dose by 30% using adaptive iterative dose reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Wai-Yung Yu ◽  
Thye Sin Ho ◽  
Henry Ko ◽  
Wai-Yee Chan ◽  
Serene Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Diagnostic Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Diagnostic Image ◽  
Ct Head ◽  
Effective Radiation

Introduction: The use of computed tomography (CT) imaging as a diagnostic modality is increasing rapidly and CT is the dominant contributor to diagnostic medical radiation exposure. The aim of this project was to reduce the effective radiation dose to patients undergoing cranial CT examination, while maintaining diagnostic image quality. Methods: Data from a total of 1003, 132 and 27 patients were examined for three protocols: CT head, CT angiography (CTA), and CT perfusion (CTP), respectively. Following installation of adaptive iterative dose reduction (AIDR) 3D software, tube current was lowered in consecutive cycles, in a stepwise manner and effective radiation doses measured at each step. Results: Baseline effective radiation doses for CT head, CTA and CTP were 1.80, 3.60 and 3.96 mSv, at currents of 300, 280 and 130–150 mA, respectively. Using AIDR 3D and final reduced currents of 160, 190 and 70–100 mA for CT head, CTA and CTP gave effective doses of 1.29, 3.18 and 2.76 mSv, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated that satisfactory reductions in the effective radiation dose for CT head (28.3%), CTA (11.6%) and CTP (30.1%) can be achieved without sacrificing diagnostic image quality. We have also shown that iterative reconstruction techniques such as AIDR 3D can be effectively used to help reduce effective radiation dose. The dose reductions were performed within a short period and can be easily achievable, even in busy departments.

scholarly journals Estimation of effective radiation dose for households living in rare earth mines in Nam Xe, Lai Chau province

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Van Dung Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Thuan Dao ◽  
Hao Quang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Effective Radiation

According to the United Nations Scientific Council on the Effects of Atomic Radiation(UNSCEAR), the global average dose level for the community is 2.4mSv/year. People living in the areas with high levels of radiation will cause adverse effects on their health. There are two main components that cause the dose of radiation, mainly due to the inhalation of radon and the extra dose of gamma radiation. The paper presents the results of assessment of natural effective radiation doses on the basis of the projected outpatient dosimetry in 70 households living in Mau and Mo village of Nam Xe, Phong Tho distrist, Lai Chau province.

Radiographers’ knowledge regarding patients’ ionizing radiation doses during common radiological procedures in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Radiological Procedures ◽  
Radiological Examinations

To evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness regarding radiation doses from common radiological examinations among 100 radiographers working in different hospitals across Saudi Arabia, a questionnaire comprising 21 multiple-choice questions was electronically distributed to 180 radiographers working in medical imaging departments in various hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Participants were instructed to estimate the radiation dose administrated to patients during common radiological procedures. I received 100 survey responses. Only 13% (n = 13) of the participants correctly identified the effective radiation dose from 1-view chest and abdominal X-ray, whereas 7% (n = 7) correctly identified the dose from 2-view chest X-ray. Approximately half of the participants underestimated the patient dose from head and abdominal computed tomography and 2-view unilateral mammogram. Moreover, 17–26% correctly estimated the patient’s risk of fatal cancer from common radiological procedures. These results revealed a remarkably low level of knowledge among radiographers regarding radiation dose and risks. The vast majority of radiographers underestimated radiation doses and associated risks from common radiological examinations. The number of bachelor’s programs in Saudi Arabia has been extremely limited in the past decade. Most radiographers hold a diploma degree, which does not include any courses on radiation dose or protection. Continuous professional development in radiation safety is required to practice radiography.

Total Effective Radiation Dose from Spiral CT and Conventional Radiography of the Pelvis with Regard to Fracture Classification

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Jurik ◽  
L. C. Jensen ◽  
J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Projection Radiography ◽  
Effective Radiation

Purpose: In most departments CT has replaced special radiographic projections with regard to classification of pelvic fractures. This change of procedure calls for analysis in terms of dosimetry. Methods: The total effective radiation doses given with spiral CT and conventional 5 projection radiography were determined according to ICRP 60 by measuring organ doses with an anthropomorphic Rando Alderson phantom packed with thermoluminescence dosimeters. For comparison, easily obtainable calculated effective doses were also determined, based on the CT dose index (CTDI), measured free-in-air and as entrance surface dose using organ conversion factors according to NRPB-R250 and NRPB-R262. Results: The total effective radiation dose was lower in spiral CT than in conventional 5 projection radiography, 4.4 and 5.0 mSv, respectively. In spiral CT the calculated effective dose was 11% lower and in conventional radiography 68% higher than the dose obtained by actual measurement using the Alderson phantom. Conclusion: As CT gives important diagnostic information with regard to classification of pelvic fractures, and without a greater radiation risk than impacted by 5 projection conventional radiography, we recommend the performance of spiral CT instead of special projections.

EFFECTIVE RADIATION DOSE OF 18F-FDG PET/CT: HOW MUCH DOES DIAGNOSTIC CT CONTRIBUTE?

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Li ◽  
Lisha Jiang ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Huawei Cai ◽  
Yongzhao Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Effective Radiation

Abstract The aim was to estimate the effective doses associated with different types of scanning protocols and how much the diagnostic computed tomography (DCT) scan contributed to the total dose of the dual-modality positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations. The results showed that an average radiation dose of 8.19 ± 0.83 mSv and 13.44 ± 5.14 mSv for the PET and CT components, respectively, resulting in a total dose of 21.64 ± 5.20 mSv. Approximately 92.7% (980 of 1057) of the patients underwent additional DCT protocols. The DCT protocols contributed 42% of the overall effective radiation doses, which was larger than the percentage contributed by the PET component (38%) and LCT protocols (20%). Reducing the diagnostic area of the DCT scans that patients undergo and decreasing the use of chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP), abdomen-pelvis (AP) and chest DCT protocols, especially the CAP protocol, will be helpful in decreasing the effective radiation doses of PET/CT scan.

scholarly journals Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for X Ray Approximate Effective Radiation Dose

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Effective Radiation

X-ray is electromagnetic wave pass through all human tissue and show tissue image by black and white, and the explosion for x ray in short treatment may cause cancer, Photonic crystal fiber used as detector for x- ray approximate effective radiation dose for human bone for spine x- ray 1.5 mSv which need 6month to repeat the exposure and extremity (foot, hand and etc.) x-ray 0.001 mSv need to 3 hours to repeat exposure , the change in x ray dose can be detected by measuring the change in wavelength shifting of laser 450nm which pass through photonic crystal fiber and effected by the emission of x-ray to record the small change in x-ray dose and save the human from radiation and this sensor is small compact and easy to use and have high sensitivity for x -ray used to measure the bone x-ray as its value lower than other x-ray used in others tissue. Index Terms— photonic crystal fiber, sensor ,x- ray, laser.

Radiation Minimisation and Outcome Maximisation in Cardiac Computed Tomograpy

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
James P Earls ◽  
Jonathon A Leipsic ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Prospective Triggering ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Selection Of

Recent reports have raised general awareness that cardiac computed tomography (CT) has the potential for relatively high effective radiation doses. While the actual amount of risk this poses to the patient is controversial, the increasing concern has led to a great deal of research on new CT techniques capable of imaging the heart at substantially lower radiation doses than was available only a few years ago. Methods of dose reduction include optimised selection of user-defined parameters, such as tube current and voltage, as well as use of new technologies, such as prospective triggering and iterative reconstruction. These techniques have each been shown to lead to substantial reduction in radiation dose without loss of diagnostic accuracy. This article will review the most frequently used and widely available methods for radiation dose reduction in cardiac CT and give practical advice on their use and limitations.

Effective Radiation Dose in a Skeletal Survey Performed for Suspected Child Abuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel P. Berger ◽  
Ashok Panigrahy ◽  
Shawn Gottschalk ◽  
Michael Sheetz
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Skeletal Survey ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Radiation

scholarly journals Simulated Radiation Dose Reduction in Whole-Body CT on a 3rd Generation Dual-Source Scanner: An Intraindividual Comparison

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Andreas S. Brendlin ◽  
Moritz T. Winkelmann ◽  
Phuong Linh Do ◽  
Vincent Schwarze ◽  
Felix Peisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Intraindividual Comparison ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Effective Radiation

To evaluate the effect of radiation dose reduction on image quality and diagnostic confidence in contrast-enhanced whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) staging. We randomly selected March 2016 for retrospective inclusion of 18 consecutive patients (14 female, 60 ± 15 years) with clinically indicated WBCT staging on the same 3rd generation dual-source CT. Using low-dose simulations, we created data sets with 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% of the original radiation dose. Each set was reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and Advanced Modeled Iterative Reconstruction (ADMIRE®, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) strength 1–5, resulting in 540 datasets total. ADMIRE 2 was the reference standard for intraindividual comparison. The effective radiation dose was calculated using commercially available software. For comparison of objective image quality, noise assessments of subcutaneous adipose tissue regions were performed automatically using the software. Three radiologists blinded to the study evaluated image quality and diagnostic confidence independently on an equidistant 5-point Likert scale (1 = poor to 5 = excellent). At 100%, the effective radiation dose in our population was 13.3 ± 9.1 mSv. At 20% radiation dose, it was possible to obtain comparably low noise levels when using ADMIRE 5 (p = 1.000, r = 0.29). We identified ADMIRE 3 at 40% radiation dose (5.3 ± 3.6 mSv) as the lowest achievable radiation dose with image quality and diagnostic confidence equal to our reference standard (p = 1.000, r > 0.4). The inter-rater agreement for this result was almost perfect (ICC ≥ 0.958, 95% CI 0.909–0.983). On a 3rd generation scanner, it is feasible to maintain good subjective image quality, diagnostic confidence, and image noise in single-energy WBCT staging at dose levels as low as 40% of the original dose (5.3 ± 3.6 mSv), when using ADMIRE 3.

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