This chapter examines the roles, functions, achievements, and failures of the principal international organization — the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) — to protect refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), and to find solutions to their plight. It begins by outlining some of the similarities and differences between refugees and IDPs. It then discusses the complex history, development, and limitations of the legal, normative, and institutional regimes for both refugees and IDPs. Finally the chapter outlines some of the current challenges and emerging issues for responding to both kinds of forced displacement before assessing the overall successes and failures of the international regime for forced displacement.