scholarly journals Multimodal Brain Changes in First-Episode Mania: A Voxel-Based Morphometry, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Connectivity Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Goikolea ◽  
Danai Dima ◽  
Ramón Landín-Romero ◽  
Imma Torres ◽  
Giuseppe DelVecchio ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Del Casale ◽  
Georgios D. Kotzalidis ◽  
Chiara Rapinesi ◽  
Serena Sorice ◽  
Nicoletta Girardi ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bodnar ◽  
Amelie M. Achim ◽  
Ashok K. Malla ◽  
Ridha Joober ◽  
Audrey Benoit ◽  
...  

BackgroundPrevious studies in schizophrenia have shown a strong relationship between memory deficits and a poor clinical outcome. However, no previous study has identified the functional neural correlates of memory encoding in relation to remission.AimsTo determine whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns differed between individuals that later achieved remission v. those who did not.MethodForty-two participants with first-episode schizophrenia were divided into two groups after 1 year of treatment as per the 2005 remission in schizophrenia consensus definition. We then examined fMRI activation using three contrasts (associative v. item-oriented strategy, semantically unrelated v. related image pairs, and successful v. unsuccessful memory encoding) among 15 participants who had achieved remission (remitted group), 27 who had not (non-remitted group) and 31 healthy controls (control group).ResultsParticipants in the non-remitted group displayed a positive activation in the posterior cingulate compared with those in the remitted group when encoding related images; no significant differences between the two groups were identified for the other contrasts. From the behavioural data, compared with the remitted and control groups, the non-remitted group demonstrated an inability to encode related images and displayed worse recognition memory overall.ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify differential neural activation between individuals with first-episode schizophrenia that later achieved remission v. those who did not. The behavioural and functional results together add to the growing evidence relating a poor clinical outcome in schizophrenia to memory-related deficits.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 205970021986120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D Jackson ◽  
Michael Makdissi ◽  
Mangor Pedersen ◽  
Donna M Parker ◽  
Evan K Curwood ◽  
...  

Aim To determine whether acute sport-related concussion is associated with functional brain changes in Australian rules footballers. Methods Twenty acutely concussed professional Australian footballers were studied with 3 T magnetic resonance imaging and compared to 20 age-matched control subjects. We statistically compared whole-brain local functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity between acutely concussed footballers and controls using voxel-wise permutation testing. Results The acutely concussed football players had significantly decreased local functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right inferior parietal lobe, and right anterior insula, compared to controls. No functional brain changes between groups within the default mode network were observed. Discussion Acutely concussed footballers had in common decreased functional connectivity within the right lateralized “cognitive control network” of the brain that is involved in executive functions, and the “salience network” involved in switching between tasks. Dysfunction of these brain regions is a plausible explanation for typical clinical features of concussion.


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