Minute and diverse in fossil sticky stuff: Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae) from early Eocene Indian Cambay amber

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 1398-1425
Author(s):  
Marta Zakrzewska ◽  
Hukam Singh ◽  
Ewa Wagner-Wysiecka ◽  
Wojciech Giłka
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
Cambay Shale Formation ◽  
Cambay Shale ◽  
Eocene Amber

Abstract We here present a pioneering systematic review of fossil dipterans of the tribe Tanytarsini (family Chironomidae) discovered in Indian amber from Cambay. The specimens examined belong to five species: Gujaratomyia miripes,Stempellina stebneri sp. nov., Stempellinella pollex sp. nov., Tanytarsus forfex sp. nov. andTanytarsus ramus sp. nov., which are described. All species belong to the oldest known Tanytarsini and come from the Cambay shale formation in Tadkeshwar, dated to the early Eocene (~54 Mya). Displaying unusual characters/structures of diagnostic and phylogenetic importance, the specimens studied are discussed against the background of the evolution and systematics of the oldest fossil (Eocene) and extant representatives in the tribe. An updated checklist and key to the identification of genera and species of Tanytarsini from Eocene amber is also provided. The spectral characteristics and physical properties of Cambay amber are similar to those of glessite resins, which are discussed in detail in order to substantiate the identity of the amber and the origin of the inclusions studied.

New hypsodont tillodont (Mammalia, Tillodontia) from the early Eocene of India

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Rose ◽  
Kishor Kumar ◽  
Rajendra S. Rana ◽  
Ashok Sahni ◽  
Thierry Smith
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Lignite Mine ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
Cambay Shale Formation ◽  
Cambay Shale ◽  
Vastan Lignite Mine

A new tillodont,Anthraconyx hypsomylus, n. gen. n. sp., is described from the early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation at Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India.Anthraconyx hypsomylusis the smallest Eocene tillodont and is distinguished by having the most buccally hypsodont cheek teeth of any known esthonychine. The closest dental resemblances are to North AmericanEsthonyxandAzygonyxand EuropeanPlesiesthonyx, providing further evidence of affinities between the Vastan local fauna and Euroamerican vertebrate faunas.

Clinical performance and chemical-physical properties of bulk fill composites resin —a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. e249-e264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Cristina Cidreira Boaro ◽  
Diana Pereira Lopes ◽  
Andréia Santos Caetano de Souza ◽  
Ellea Lie Nakano ◽  
Mirko Dennys Ayala Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Shortwave Spectral Radiative Signatures and Their Physical Controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 4805-4828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake J. Gristey ◽  
J. Christine Chiu ◽  
Robert J. Gurney ◽  
Keith P. Shine ◽  
Stephan Havemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Cloud Regimes

AbstractThe spectrum of reflected solar radiation emerging at the top of the atmosphere is rich with Earth system information. To identify spectral signatures in the reflected solar radiation and directly relate them to the underlying physical properties controlling their structure, over 90 000 solar reflectance spectra are computed over West Africa in 2010 using a fast radiation code employing the spectral characteristics of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY). Cluster analysis applied to the computed spectra reveals spectral signatures related to distinct surface properties, and cloud regimes distinguished by their spectral shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE). The cloud regimes exhibit a diverse variety of mean broadband SWCREs, and offer an alternative approach to define cloud type for SWCRE applications that does not require any prior assumptions. The direct link between spectral signatures and distinct physical properties extracted from clustering remains robust between spatial scales of 1, 20, and 240 km, and presents an excellent opportunity to understand the underlying properties controlling real spectral reflectance observations. Observed SCIAMACHY spectra are assigned to the calculated spectral clusters, showing that cloud regimes are most frequent during the active West African monsoon season of June–October in 2010, and all cloud regimes have a higher frequency of occurrence during the active monsoon season of 2003 compared with the inactive monsoon season of 2004. Overall, the distinct underlying physical properties controlling spectral signatures show great promise for monitoring evolution of the Earth system directly from solar spectral reflectance observations.

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