scholarly journals An Arabidopsis thaliana Pectin Acetylesterase Gene Is Upregulated in Nematode Feeding Sites Induced by Root-knot and Cyst Nematodes

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Vercauteren ◽  
Janice de Almeida Engler ◽  
Ruth De Groodt ◽  
Godelieve Gheysen
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Mrna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pectin Acetylesterase

By using differential display, gene expression was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana roots shortly after nematode infection, and a putative pectin acetylesterase (PAE) homolog (DiDi 9C-12) was found to be upregulated. PAEs catalyze the deacetylation of pectin, a major compound of primary cell walls. mRNA in situ hybridization experiments showed that the expression of DiDi 9C-12 was enhanced very early after infection in initiating giant-cells and in cells surrounding the nematodes. Later on, the level of DiDi 9C-12 mRNA was lower in giant-cells and transcripts were mainly found in parenchyma, endodermis, and pericycle cells of the root gall. Twenty days after infection, DiDi 9C-12 transcripts could no longer be detected. DiDi 9C-12 transcripts were also found in young syncytia and in the cells surrounding the expanding syncytium. Our results suggest that plant parasitic nematodes can modulate the rapid growth of the feeding cells and the expansion of the root gall by triggering the expression of DiDi 9C-12. PAEs, which probably act together with a range of other pectin-degrading enzymes, could be involved in softening and loosening the primary cell wall in nematode-infected plant roots.

scholarly journals Changes in mRNA Abundance within Heterodera schachtii-Infected Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Hermsmeier ◽  
Jennifer K. Hart ◽  
Marina Byzova ◽  
Steven R. Rodermel ◽  
Thomas J. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Differential Display ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Feeding Site

Gene expression changes in plant roots infected by plant-parasitic cyst nematodes are involved in the formation of nematode feeding sites. We analyzed mRNA abundance changes within roots of Arabidopsis thaliana during the early compatible interaction with Heterodera schachtii, the sugarbeet cyst nematode. Approximately 1,600 root sections, each containing a single parasitic nematode and its feeding site, and 1,600 adjacent, nematode-free root sections were excised from aseptic A. thaliana cultures 3 to 4 days after inoculation with H. schachtii. These tissue samples were termed infected and uninfected, respectively. Preparasitic nematodes were added to the uninfected tissue sample to maintain the nematode to plant tissue proportion. mRNA extracted from these two tissue samples was subjected to differential display analysis. Thirty-six cDNA clones corresponding to mRNA species with different abundance between both tissue samples were isolated. Of these clones, 24 were of A. thaliana origin and 12 were from H. schachtii. Differential display data predicted that the A. thaliana cDNA clones corresponded to 13 transcripts that were more abundant in the infected root sections and 11 transcripts that were more abundant in the uninfected root sections. H. schachtii cDNA clones were predicted to correspond to four transcripts that were more abundant in parasitic nematodes and to eight transcripts that were more abundant in preparasitic nematodes. In situ hybridization experiments confirmed the mRNA abundance changes in A. thaliana roots predicted by the differential display analyses for two A. thaliana clones.

scholarly journals Organization of cellulose synthase complexes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (39) ◽  
pp. 15572-15577 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Desprez ◽  
M. Juraniec ◽  
E. F. Crowell ◽  
H. Jouy ◽  
Z. Pochylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis

scholarly journals Disrupting Two Arabidopsis thaliana Xylosyltransferase Genes Results in Plants Deficient in Xyloglucan, a Major Primary Cell Wall Component

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1519-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Cavalier ◽  
Olivier Lerouxel ◽  
Lutz Neumetzler ◽  
Kazuchika Yamauchi ◽  
Antje Reinecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Component

scholarly journals Cortical microtubule patterning in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana primary cell wall mutants reveals the bidirectional interplay with cell expansion

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e1028701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Panteris ◽  
Ioannis-Dimosthenis S Adamakis ◽  
Gerasimos Daras ◽  
Stamatis Rigas
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall

scholarly journals Toward genetic modification of plant-parasitic nematodes: delivery of macromolecules to adults and expression of exogenous mRNA in second stage juveniles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Kranse ◽  
Helen Beasley ◽  
Sally Adams ◽  
Andre Pires-daSilva ◽  
Christopher Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes are a continuing threat to food security, causing an estimated 100 billion USD in crop losses each year. The most problematic are the obligate sedentary endoparasites (primarily root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes). Progress in understanding their biology is held back by a lack of tools for functional genetics: forward genetics is largely restricted to studies of natural variation in populations and reverse genetics is entirely reliant on RNA interference. There is an expectation that the development of functional genetic tools would accelerate the progress of research on plant-parasitic nematodes, and hence the development of novel control solutions. Here, we develop some of the foundational biology required to deliver a functional genetic tool kit in plant-parasitic nematodes. We characterize the gonads of male Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne hapla in the context of spermatogenesis. We test and optimize various methods for the delivery, expression, and/or detection of exogenous nucleic acids in plant-parasitic nematodes. We demonstrate that delivery of macromolecules to cyst and root knot nematode male germlines is difficult, but possible. Similarly, we demonstrate the delivery of oligonucleotides to root knot nematode gametes. Finally, we develop a transient expression system in plant-parasitic nematodes by demonstrating the delivery and expression of exogenous mRNA encoding various reporter genes throughout the body of H. schachtii juveniles using lipofectamine-based transfection. We anticipate these developments to be independently useful, will expedite the development of genetic modification tools for plant-parasitic nematodes, and ultimately catalyze research on a group of nematodes that threaten global food security.

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