Influence of temperature and moisture duration on pathogenic life-history traits of predominant haplotypes of Fusarium circinatum on Pinus spp. in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARITA ELVIRA-RECUENCO ◽  
Valentin Pando ◽  
Monica Berbegal ◽  
Aranzazu Manzano Muñoz ◽  
Eugenia Iturritxa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Common Haplotype ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Pinus Spp

Pathogen life-history traits influence epidemic development and pathogen adaptive ability to interact with their hosts in different environments. Reduced traits variation may compromise pathogen evolutionary potential which is particularly important for introduced pathogens. Fusarium circinatum (cause of Pine Pitch Canker) is an invasive fungal pathogen in Europe, with current distribution restricted to forest stands of Pinus radiata and P. pinaster in northern Spain and Portugal. This study aimed to quantify pathogenic traits of Spanish isolates of F. circinatum, with two of the strains representing the two dominant haplotypes in the Spanish population. Disease severity was measured on P. radiata, analyzing the influence of temperature and moisture duration on infection as well as the influence of temperature on spore germination, sporulation and mycelial growth. Results indicated that the isolate representing the most common haplotype caused more severe disease on Pinus radiata at 25 and 30ºC compared to the second most common haplotype, but less severe disease at 15ºC. Spore germination was higher for the most common haplotype, which produced more spores at 20 and 25ºC. The isolate showed hyphal melanization at 5ºC, which has been associated with survival and may be important since no resting structures have been described for F. circinatum. Our study determined that longer moisture periods during infection result in more severe disease from 7 to 24 h, regardless of the isolate virulence. This is the first study on virulence of the most abundant haplotypes of F. circinatum in Spain as affected by temperatures and moisture.

scholarly journals The Effect of Resin and Monoterpenes on Spore Germination and Growth in Fusarium circinatum

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Slinski ◽  
F. Zakharov ◽  
T. R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere ◽  
Germination And Growth

Resin obtained from Pinus radiata and five monoterpene components of resin (limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, and myrcene) were tested to determine their effects on mycelial growth and germination and survival of spores of Fusarium circinatum, the cause of pitch canker in pine, and F. temperatum, which is interfertile with F. circinatum but not pathogenic to pine. Averaged across all treatments, F. temperatum sustained the greatest reduction in radial growth (16.9 ± 0.02% of control). The greatest reduction in dry weight also occurred in F. temperatum (11.7 ± 0.01% of control), and all isolates of F. circinatum were significantly less affected (P < 0.05). Spore germination rates in a saturated atmosphere of monoterpenes were relatively high for all tested isolates but, when placed in direct contact with resin, spore survival was significantly greater for F. circinatum than for F. temperatum. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that greater tolerance of resin is one factor distinguishing F. circinatum from the nonpathogenic F. temperatum. However, differential tolerance of monoterpene components of resin is not sufficient to explain the observed variation in virulence to pine in F. circinatum.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

Life History Traits in a Population of Pelobates syriacus (Boettger, 1889) from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ufuk Bülbül ◽  
Halime Koç ◽  
Yasemin Odabaş ◽  
Ali İhsan Eroğlu ◽  
Muammer Kurnaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Males And Females

Age structure of the eastern spadefoot toad, Pelobates syriacus from the Kızılırmak Delta (Turkey) were assessed using phalangeal skeletochronology. Snout-vent length (SVL) ranged from 42.05 to 86.63 mm in males and 34.03 to 53.27 mm in females. Age of adults ranged from 2 to 8 years in males and 3 to 5 years in females. For both sexes, SVL was significantly correlated with age. Males and females of the toads reached maturity at 2 years of age.

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