scholarly journals The Effect of Resin and Monoterpenes on Spore Germination and Growth in Fusarium circinatum

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Slinski ◽  
F. Zakharov ◽  
T. R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere ◽  
Germination And Growth

Resin obtained from Pinus radiata and five monoterpene components of resin (limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, and myrcene) were tested to determine their effects on mycelial growth and germination and survival of spores of Fusarium circinatum, the cause of pitch canker in pine, and F. temperatum, which is interfertile with F. circinatum but not pathogenic to pine. Averaged across all treatments, F. temperatum sustained the greatest reduction in radial growth (16.9 ± 0.02% of control). The greatest reduction in dry weight also occurred in F. temperatum (11.7 ± 0.01% of control), and all isolates of F. circinatum were significantly less affected (P < 0.05). Spore germination rates in a saturated atmosphere of monoterpenes were relatively high for all tested isolates but, when placed in direct contact with resin, spore survival was significantly greater for F. circinatum than for F. temperatum. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that greater tolerance of resin is one factor distinguishing F. circinatum from the nonpathogenic F. temperatum. However, differential tolerance of monoterpene components of resin is not sufficient to explain the observed variation in virulence to pine in F. circinatum.

Effect of the triazine herbicides Goltix and Igran on germination and growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium oryzae, and Verticillium agaricinum

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. A. Elwy ◽  
M. Osman ◽  
T. M. A. Abdel Rahman ◽  
I. M. K. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Germ Tube Length ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae ◽  
Germination And Growth

The effect of two triazines on spore germination, radial growth, and biomass production were studied in A. fumigatus, F. oxysporum, H. oryzae, and V. agaricinum. Igran inhibited spore germination of all species to some extent and at 1000 ppm completely inhibited spore germination in A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum. Goltix inhibited germination of F. oxysporum and H. oryzae, but stimulated germination of A. fumigatus and V. agaricinum. Germ tube length was significantly decreased at high herbicide concentrations. Both derivatives reduced radial growth rate as well as mycelial growth in liquid cultures. The level of inhibition depends on the herbicide, its concentration, and the fungal species.

scholarly journals Herbaceous plants in the understory of a pitch canker-affected Pinus radiata plantation are endophytically infected with Fusarium circinatum

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hernandez-Escribano ◽  
E. Iturritxa ◽  
M. Elvira-Recuenco ◽  
M. Berbegal ◽  
J.A. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum

Evidence for the occurrence of induced resistance to pitch canker, caused by Gibberella circinata (anamorph Fusarium circinatum), in populations of Pinus radiata

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
S. C. Kirkpatrick ◽  
B. J. Aegerter ◽  
A. J. Fisher ◽  
A. J. Storer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Gibberella Circinata

scholarly journals 488 Effect of Oat Extract on Pea Root Rot Pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 529B-529
Author(s):  
M.A. Chandler ◽  
V.A. Fritz ◽  
F.L. Pfleger ◽  
R.R. Allmaras
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Pea Root Rot

Pea root rot is a serious economic threat to pea production in the Great Lakes region. The primary causal organism is Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs., which is responsible for an estimated 10% annual crop loss. A fall oat (Avena sativa) rotation before spring pea planting reduces disease severity. To better understand the beneficial effect of oat on A. euteiches, isolated individual pathogen lifecycle stages of zoospores, mycelium, and oospores were treated in culture with oat extract. Resulting mycelial mats were dried and weighed. Treatment with 90%, 70%, 50%, and 30% oat extract resulted in significant spore germination and mycelial growth of A. euteiches. In the presence of nutrient solution, oat extract concentrations of 90%, 70%, 50%, and 30% significantly enhanced spore germination and mycelial growth of the pathogen. These results demonstrate that the use of oat extract results in dosage dependent germination and growth of A. euteiches.

Effects of pitch canker pathogen on gallery excavation and oviposition by Ips paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Storer ◽  
David L. Wood ◽  
Thomas R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIps paraconfusus Lanier is a vector of the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O’Donnell, in California. Multiple infections of Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don. (Pinaceae), branches and main stems appear to predispose trees to infestation by I. paraconfusus. The effect of cankers produced in response to F. circinatum on oviposition and gallery construction was investigated. Introduction of beetles into artificially induced or naturally occurring cankers was less likely to result in oviposition and resulted in shorter galleries than introductions into logs without cankers. Of all adults that produced eggs, the mean number of eggs per adult was no different in logs with cankers than in canker-free logs; however, the distance across the grain from the introduction point to the first egg was greater for adults introduced into cankers than for adults introduced away from cankers. These results indicate that the pitch canker pathogen has a negative effect on I. paraconfusus, as cankers produced in response to the pathogen are unsuitable for exploitation by the insect.

SEMIOCHEMICALS FROM THREE SPECIES OF PITYOPHTHORUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD RESPONSE

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Dallara ◽  
Steven J. Seybold ◽  
Holger Meyer ◽  
Till Tolasch ◽  
Wittko Francke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Porapak Q ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Opposite Sex

AbstractAnalyses of pentane extracts of frass, whole beetles, and volatiles trapped on Porapak-Q from Pityophthorus Eichhoff spp. fed on Pinus radiata D. Don demonstrated that (E)-pityol [2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran] was produced by male Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine, female Pityophthorus nitidulus (Mannerheim), and female Pityophthorus setosus Blackman. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin) [(5S,7S)-(−)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane] was produced by male P. carmeli and male P. nitidulus. Only the (2R,5S)-(+) stereoisomer of (E)-pityol was produced by male P. carmeli and female P. setosus. In field bioassays in central coastal California, P. setosus was attracted to (E)-(+)-pityol, whereas P. carmeli responded only to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol. Male P. setosus and female P. carmeli responded to these treatments with larger numbers than opposite-sex conspecifics. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin alone did not attract species of Pityophthorus but significantly reduced catches of P. setosus to (E)-(+)-pityol. Lasconotus pertenuis Casey (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) and Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were attracted to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol, and showed a trend for attraction to all (E)-(−)-conophthorin-containing treatments. (E)-(−)-Pityol was neither attractive nor interruptive for any taxon. (E)-(+)-Pityol is shown to be an aggregation pheromone component for P. carmeli and P. setosus. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin functions as a pheromone component for P. carmeli and may also function as a synomone that decreases competition of P. carmeli and P. nitidulus with P. setosus and as a kairomone for L. pertenuis. These semiochemicals have been useful in studying relationships among twig insects and the pathogen Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’Donnell), causal agent of pitch canker disease in P. radiata.

scholarly journals Antifungal activities of methanol extracts of some medicinal plants against germination and growth of Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara in culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nwazuo Enyiukwu ◽  
Anderson Chidi Amadioha ◽  
Charles Chimezie Ononuju
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Colletotrichum Destructivum ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract. Authors. 2021. Antifungal activities of methanol extracts of some medicinal plants against germination and growth of Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara in culture. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 25-29. Cowpea is an important grain and leafy vegetable in many tropical locations. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara is one of the several factors constraining the economic production of the crop in warm humid areas. Use of resistant varieties and synthetic pesticides for control of the disease in the crop are disadvantaged for variability of the pathogen, leading to resistance failure of cultivars in many cowpea growing areas; and pesticide residues in the treated crops which ultimately engender mammalian toxicity respectively. This study evaluated the effects of Alchornea cordifolia, Tabernaemontana pachysiphon and Lantana camara as eco-friendly fungicides against the pathogen in culture. The results showed that the extracts inhibited the fungus in a dose-wise manner. At 75 and100 % concentrations, L. camara strongly inhibited the spore germination and radial growth of the fungus better than all concentrations of T. pachysiphon and A. cordifolia; whereas A. cordifolia extracts exhibited the lowest inhibition at all concentrations. Generally, the fungitoxicity of benomyl was found higher which inhibited 90.15 % spore germination and 96.32 % radial growth of the pathogen. However, at 75%, 100% L. camara and 100% T. pachysiphon which significantly (P?0.05) inhibited (80.02%, 84.21 % and 80.91%) spore germination and (87.33%, 90.87 % and 85. %) radial growth of the fungus respectively compared well with inhibition effects recorded from benomyl. Therefore these plants can be used as viable protectants of cowpea against anthracnose (C. destructivum) in small holder farming systems of the humid tropics; to enhance its production and farm economy.

scholarly journals Response of Chile Pepper to Phytophthora capsici in Relation to Soil Salinity

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Zoospore Formation ◽  
Level Production ◽  
Pepper Plants

The response of chile pepper to salinity and infection by Phytophthora capsici was assessed under greenhouse conditions in plants susceptible or resistant to P. capsici. Additionally, the effect of salinity on mycelial growth and production of sporangia and zoospores by P. capsici was evaluated in the laboratory. Salinity treatments consisted of varying levels of electrical conductivity (from 1.8 to 14.4 dS/m) achieved by amending irrigation water or growth media with a mixture of sodium chloride and calcium chloride. In plants susceptible to P. capsici, disease severity increased by approximately 1.3 to 2.7-fold with increasing salinity level, whereas no such effect was observed in plants resistant to P. capsici. Mycelial dry weight increased by 8 to 16%, and radial growth of mycelium was augmented by 5 to 30% with increase in salinity level. Production of sporangia and zoospore formation were reduced by approximately 3 to 85 and 1 to 93%, respectively, under saline conditions. These results indicate that salinity may predispose susceptible chile pepper plants to infection by P. capsici.

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