Hemodynamic Changes Associated with the Intra-arterial Injection of Contrast Media: New Toxirity Tests and a New Experimental Contrast Medium

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
Elliott C. Lasser
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes

Elimination of Low-Osmolality Contrast Media by Hemodialysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Furukawa ◽  
J. Ueda ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
K. Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Purpose: To compare the dialyzability and safety of 2 types of low-osmolality contrast media administered to end-stage renal failure patients maintained on regular hemodialysis. Material and Methods: Of 44 CT examinations, iohexol was used in 22 and ioxaglate in the other 22. Adverse reactions and hemodynamic changes were recorded. Thirty minutes after the beginning of CT investigation, hemodialysis was commenced. Elimination rate and clearance of the contrast media were measured as indices of their dialyzability. Results: After 4 hours of hemodialysis, 78.4±6.5% of iohexol and 72.4±6.0% ioxaglate were eliminated. Clearance of iohexol was higher than that of ioxaglate at all sampling times. No severe hemodynamic change nor adverse reaction were observed. Minor reactions were more frequently observed in the ioxaglate group. Conclusion: Iohexol, a nonionic monomeric contrast medium, is more advantageous for hemodialysis patients than ioxaglate, an ionic dimeric contrast medium.

Oral Contrast Media in CT of the Abdomen

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 396-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lönnemark ◽  
Anders Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Oral Contrast ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Patient Tolerance ◽  
Bowel Opacification ◽  
Oral Contrast Media

In a double blind randomised study 3 different concentrations of iohexol for bowel opacification at CT of the abdomen were compared. Iohexol in a concentration of 4.5 mg I/ml, 6.75 mg I/ml and 9 mg I/ml was used. No significant differences between the 3 preparations of contrast media were found regarding the contrast effect, the distribution or patient tolerance. When using iohexol as a bowel contrast medium at CT the concentration of 4.5 mg I/ml is sufficient for bowel opacification.

Nephrotoxicity of Cyclosporin a and Contrast Media

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Thomsen ◽  
S. Larsen ◽  
P. Skaarup ◽  
L. Hemmingsen ◽  
H. Dieperink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Albumin Excretion

Urine profiles (albumin, glucose, NAG, LDH, GGT and sodium) were followed for 22 h or 8 days after intravenous injection of diatrizoate, iohexol or saline in 30 adult Wistar rats in which nephrotoxicity was induced by daily peroral administration of 25 mg/kg body weight cyclosporin A over a 14-day period. Another 10 rats which had the vehicle of the cyclosporin A solution (placebo) and saline injected intravenously served as controls. The effect of iohexol and saline on the albumin excretion was similar, whereas diatrizoate increased it significantly. Both contrast media caused significantly increased excretion of all three enzymes. The contrast media had no effect on the excretion of glucose and sodium. Except for the fact that the excretion of NAG was significantly higher following iohexol than following diatrizoate 24 to 46 h after injection no significant differences between the two media were found from 24 h after injection among the rats given cyclosporin A. No contrast medium related changes were found by light microscopy of the kidneys. Neither iohexol nor diatrizoate potentiate acute cyclosporin A nephrotoxcity.

Addition of Local Anesthetics to Contrast Media

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
P. Nilsson ◽  
T. Almén ◽  
K. Golman ◽  
K. Jonsson ◽  
U. Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions

The acute intravenous toxicity (i.v. LD50) of solutions of the ratio 1.5 contrast media metrizoate or diatrizoate and the ratio 3.0 contrast medium metrizamide was determined in mice with and without the addition of local anesthetics to the solutions. The two local anesthetics mepivacaine or lidocaine were added to final concentrations up to 2.0 mg/ml of the contrast medium solutions. This corresponds to clinically used concentrations. All additions of local anesthetics to the solutions increased the mortalities caused by the contrast medium solutions. Addition of local anesthetics to a final concentration of 2 mg/ml approximately doubled the acute intravenous toxicity of the contrast media. The ratio 3 contrast media produce less hypertonic solutions than the ratio 1.5 contrast media and should be preferred for angiography because they cause less pain and do not require the addition of local anesthetics which increase the acute toxicity of the solutions.

Bronchial vasodilatory response to ionic and nonionic contrast media

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Baile ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Lorraine Verburgt ◽  
Peter D. Paré
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Vasodilatory Response ◽  
Open Chest ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media

Baile, Elisabeth M., Lu Wang, Lorraine Verburgt, and Peter D. Paré. Bronchial vasodilatory response to ionic and nonionic contrast media. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 841–845, 1997.—It has recently been shown that bronchial arterial injection of conventional contrast medium causes a significant increase in bronchial blood flow (Q˙br) and that this response is partially attenuated after infusion of N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA). However, the precise mechanism for this increase in Q˙br is unknown. In this study we examined the effect of bronchial arterial injection of conventional ionic as well as nonionic contrast media. We measuredQ˙br in nine anesthetized, ventilated, open-chest sheep. Q˙br was recorded before (baseline) and at the peak response to injection of 0.5 ml of either 0.9% saline (control; isosmolar with plasma), Omnipaque 300 (iohexol; nonionic), Conray 66 (sodium iothalamate; ionic), or 50% dextrose (viscous control).

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