Bronchial vasodilatory response to ionic and nonionic contrast media

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Baile ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Lorraine Verburgt ◽  
Peter D. Paré
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Vasodilatory Response ◽  
Open Chest ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media

Baile, Elisabeth M., Lu Wang, Lorraine Verburgt, and Peter D. Paré. Bronchial vasodilatory response to ionic and nonionic contrast media. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 841–845, 1997.—It has recently been shown that bronchial arterial injection of conventional contrast medium causes a significant increase in bronchial blood flow (Q˙br) and that this response is partially attenuated after infusion of N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA). However, the precise mechanism for this increase in Q˙br is unknown. In this study we examined the effect of bronchial arterial injection of conventional ionic as well as nonionic contrast media. We measuredQ˙br in nine anesthetized, ventilated, open-chest sheep. Q˙br was recorded before (baseline) and at the peak response to injection of 0.5 ml of either 0.9% saline (control; isosmolar with plasma), Omnipaque 300 (iohexol; nonionic), Conray 66 (sodium iothalamate; ionic), or 50% dextrose (viscous control).

Permeability of contrast media through hemodialysis membrane

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Furukawa ◽  
J. Ueda ◽  
K. Higashino ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
K. Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Flow Rate ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Hemodialysis Membrane ◽  
Main Factor

Purpose: To compare the permeability of 10 contrast media (CM) through the hemodialysis membrane. Material and Methods: An experimental model was constructed from clinical hemodialysis equipment. The 10 CM that were used were: diatrizoate, iothalamate, iopami-dol, iohexol, iopromide, ioversol, iomeprol, ioxaglate, iodixanol and iotrolan. They were dissolved into the dialysate. Each solution ran into the blood circuit of the dialyzer at a rate of 200 ml/min and into the dialysate circuit of the dialysis machine at a rate of 500 ml/min. Permeability was expressed as clearance, calculated from the iodine concentration at the afferent and efferent lines of the dialyzer, and from the blood-flow rate. Results: The clearance of all the monomeric CM was superior to that of all the dimeric CM. Values of clearance and molecular weight correlated well. Conclusion: The molecular weight of a contrast medium is the main factor that influences the efficiency of CM removal by hemodialysis.

Effects of ionic and nonionic contrast media on coronary diameter and blood flow in chronically instrumented dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Egashira ◽  
Hitonobu Tomoike ◽  
Hiromitsu Nishijima ◽  
Hideyuki Adachi ◽  
Motoomi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media ◽  
Chronically Instrumented Dogs

Iodide Mumps after Intravascular Administration of a Nonionic Contrast Medium

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Medium ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media ◽  
Uncommon Complication

Swelling of the submandibular, sublingual and/or parotid glands (“iodide mumps”) is an uncommon complication to intravascular administration of contrast material. The etiology remains unclear, but the reaction seems to be idiosyncratic or related to toxic accumulation of iodide in the ductal systems of the salivary glands. The introduction of nonionic contrast media has not eliminated the risk of developing iodide mumps. The first reported case of iodide mumps after intravascular administration of iopromide (Ultravist 300) is presented.

Variable Effects of Radiological Contrast Media on Thrombus Growth in a Rabbit Jugular Vein Thrombosis Model

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (02) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Levi ◽  
Bart J Biemond ◽  
Augueste Sturk ◽  
Jaap Hoek ◽  
Jan Wouter ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Jugular Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Thrombosis Model ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media

SummaryWe studied the effect of an ionic high osmolar contrast medium (Ioxitalamate), an ionic low osmolar contrast medium (Ioxaglate) and various nonionic low osmolar contrast media (Iopamidol, Iopromide and Iohexol) on thrombus growth in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model. Thrombus growth was determined by the accretion of 125I-labeled fibrinogen onto autologous preformed thrombi in rabbit jugular veins at various time-intervals from 15 min up to 10 h after infusion of the study solution.The ionic low osmolar contrast medium markedly inhibited thrombus growth whereas all nonionic low osmolar contrast media promoted thrombus growth. The ionic high osmolar contrast medium inhibited thrombus growth, but less than the ionic low osmolar contrast medium. Within the group of nonionic contrast media, the Iopamidol associated promotion of thrombus growth was significantly higher than the Iopromide or Iohexol associated effects. The simultaneous administration of the apparently most potent thrombus growth promoting contrast medium (i.e. Iopamidol) and heparin resulted in complete abolishment of the increase in thrombus growth.These results support the claims of prothrombotic properties of nonionic as compared to ionic contrast media and could explain the clinically encountered thromboembolic complications after the use of nonionic low osmolar contrast media.

Effects of Isosmolar Contrast Media on the Renal Cortical Blood Flow in Mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Högström ◽  
S.-O. Hietala ◽  
P. Rooth
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Cortical Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Cortical Blood Flow ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Purpose: In vivo fluorescence microscopy was used in experimental studies of renal cortical microcirculation in mice. The effects of i.v. infusion of a nonionic monomeric contrast medium (iohexol), a nonionic dimeric contrast medium (iodixanol), and mannitol of corresponding osmolalities were studied. Results: All infusions produced marked effects on the distribution and velocity of renal cortical blood flow. Renal cortical blood flow was inhomogeneous as regards the different capillaries. There was an initial rapid rise in the blood flow in some capillaries after all infusions, while decreased flow was seen in other capillaries. The initial increase in renal cortical blood flow (RCBF) was significantly (p<0.05) more pronounced after infusion of iohexol than after infusion of mannitol 0.69 mol/l. In all other respects, the effects of contrast media on RCBF were the same as the effects of mannitol solutions with a corresponding osmolality. The effects of each contrast medium were the same as those of mannitol of corresponding osmolality. In the capillaries showing increased blood flow, the peak value was encountered slightly later after the infusion of iodixanol than after the infusion of iohexol. This was considered to be related to differences in viscosity rather than osmolality. Conclusion: The difference in osmolality between iodixanol and iohexol is of no significance with regard to their effects on RCBF.

Addition of Sodium to Iohexol

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Flinck ◽  
K. Selin ◽  
M. Dellborg ◽  
K. Skinningsrud ◽  
S. Ekholm
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Medium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vector Difference ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media

The addition of sodium to nonionic contrast media has reduced the incidence of arrhythmias in animal models. The influence on cardiac function and safety of sodium addition to the nonionic contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque) was studied in a randomized, double-blind trial in patients undergoing cardioangiography. Fifty-nine patients received iohexol 350 mg I/ml with NaCl 28 mmol/l and 58, iohexol only. ECG changes after contrast injections were evaluated with continuous computerized dynamic vectorcardiography (VCG). QRS-vector difference (QRS-vd), which reflects changes in the QRS-complex, was chosen as the main parameter. Both contrast media caused changes in the QRS-complex, but there was no significant difference between the two. No serious arrhythmias were observed. Both contrast media were well tolerated. No beneficial effects from enriching iohexol with sodium were found. VCG was found to be a valuable tool in the study of contrast medium-induced ECG changes.

Acute and Late Adverse Reactions to Low-Osmolal Contrast Media

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mikkonen ◽  
T. Kontkanen ◽  
L. Kivisaari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media ◽  
A Prospective Study

A prospective study of acute and late reactions to low-osmolal contrast media was conducted in 4 875 patients. The contrast medium was injected intravenously in 4 417 patients and intraarterially in 458 for CT, urography or angiography. In the i.v. group only nonionic contrast media, iohexol or iopamidol, were used and in the intraarterial group both ionic and nonionic contrast media, ioxaglate and iohexol, were used. The patients completed 2-phase questionnaires, the rate of reply being 88%. In the i.v. group the incidence of acute reactions was 1.2% and that of late reactions was 4.7%. In the intraarterial group the incidence of acute reactions was 7.4% and the incidence of late reactions was 4.8%. Women and patients from under 40 to 60 years of age were the most susceptible to late reactions. The risk factors for late reactions are allergy, medicine allergy, previous adverse reaction to contrast medium and other diseases including diabetes mellitus, heart-, liver- and kidney diseases.

Nonionic Contrast Media in Pediatric CT

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-M. Wiklund ◽  
I. Brolin ◽  
K. Sjöholm
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Pediatric Radiology ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pediatric Ct ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media

In pediatric radiology there is a great demand for a safe contrast medium. In this pediatric CT trial, the safety, tolerability and efficacy of 2 nonionic contrast media, iopentol (Imagopaque) and iohexol (Omnipaque), were evaluated. The study was performed as a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial, with 55 children receiving iopentol (300 mg I/ml) and 55 receiving iohexol (300 mg I/ml). The dose injected was 2 ml/kg b.w. with an upper limit of 100 ml. Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Adverse events were recorded by observation of the patients up to 24 hours after the examination. No clinically or statistically significant changes occurred. Seven adverse events other than discomfort (2 in the iopentol group and 5 in the iohexol group) were reported. The overall quality of CT enhancement was good or excellent in all cases. The results support the use of iopentol as an alternative to iohexol in pediatric CT examinations.

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