MICTURITION IN THORACIC SPINAL CORD INJURED CATS WITH AUTOGRAFTING OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA TO THE SACRAL SPINAL CORD

The sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) in the thoracic spinal cord regulate vasomotor tone via norepinephrine released from sympathetic terminals and adrenal medulla. We assessed the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthase I (NOS I)- and NOS II-derived nitric oxide (NO) in the thoracic spinal cord differentially modulate sympathetic outflow and that the adrenal medulla may be involved in those modulatory actions. In Sprague-Dawley rats, NOS I immunoreactivity was distributed primarily in the perikaryon, proximal dendrites, or axons of SPN, and small clusters of NOS II immunoreactivity impinged mainly on the circumference of SPN. Intrathecal administration of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a specific NOS I antagonist, into the thoracic spinal cord significantly reduced arterial pressure, heart rate, and basal or baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone. On the other hand, intrathecal application of S-methylisothiourea (SMT), a specific NOS II antagonist, elevated arterial pressure with a transient reduction of heart rate, induced a surge of plasma norepinephrine, and reduced baroreflex-mediated but not basal sympathetic vasomotor tone. Bilateral adrenalectomy significantly exacerbated the cardiovascular responses to 7-NI but antagonized those to SMT. We conclude that both NOS I and NOS II are present in the thoracic spinal cord and are tonically active under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the endogenous NO generated by NOS I-containing SPN exerts a tonic excitatory action on vasomotor tone mediated by norepinephrine released from the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve terminals. On the other hand, NO derived from NOS II exerts a tonic inhibitory action on sympathetic outflow from the SPN that targets primarily the blood vessels.

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Spontaneous Herniation of the Thoracic Spinal Cord: A Case Report

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society ◽

10.3348/jkrs.2001.45.4.353 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 353 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sung Chan Jin ◽

Seoung Ro Lee ◽

Dong Woo Park ◽

Kyung Bin Joo

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Case Report ◽

Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽

Thoracic Spinal ◽

Spontaneous Herniation

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Lipomeningocele associated with diplomyelia in a dog

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K Kleintiere / Heimtiere ◽

10.15654/tpk-170751 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (05) ◽

pp. 323-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nele Ondreka ◽

Sara Malberg ◽

Emma Laws ◽

Martin Schmidt ◽

Sabine Schulze

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Neurological Status ◽

Split Cord Malformation ◽

Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Type I ◽

Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽

Thoracic Spinal ◽

Subcutaneous Mass ◽

Lumbar Spinal

SummaryA 2-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog with a body weight of 30 kg was presented for evaluation of a soft subcutaneous mass on the dorsal midline at the level of the caudal thoracic spine. A further clinical sign was intermittent pain on palpation of the area of the subcutaneous mass. The owner also described a prolonged phase of urination with repeated interruption and re-initiation of voiding. The findings of the neurological examination were consistent with a lesion localization between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spina bifida with a lipomeningocele and diplomyelia (split cord malformation type I) at the level of thoracic vertebra 11 and 12 and secondary syringomyelia above the aforementioned defects in the caudal thoracic spinal cord. Surgical resection of the lipomeningocele via a hemilaminectomy was performed. After initial deterioration of the neurological status postsurgery with paraplegia and absent deep pain sensation the dog improved within 2 weeks to non-ambulatory paraparesis with voluntary urination. Six weeks postoperatively the dog was ambulatory, according to the owner. Two years after surgery the owner recorded that the dog showed a normal gait, a normal urination and no pain. Histopathological diagnosis of the biopsied material revealed a lipomeningocele which confirmed the radiological diagnosis.

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Effect of thoracic spinal cord injury on forelimb somatosensory evoked potential

Brain Research Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angelo H. All ◽

Shiyu Luo ◽

Xiaogang Liu ◽

Hasan Al-Nashash

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Somatosensory Evoked Potential ◽

Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽

Thoracic Spinal ◽

Cord Injury

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The Histopathology of Severe Graded Compression in Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord Segment of Rat, Evaluated at Late Post-injury Phase

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology ◽

10.1007/s10571-021-01139-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fedorova Jana ◽

Kellerova Erika ◽

Bimbova Katarina ◽

Pavel Jaroslav

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spontaneous Recovery ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Post Injury ◽

Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽

Thoracic Spinal ◽

Severe Traumatic Injury ◽

Spinal Cord Segment ◽

Cord Injury

AbstractSpontaneous recovery of lost motor functions is relative fast in rodent models after inducing a very mild/moderate spinal cord injury (SCI), and this may complicate a reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of potential therapy. Therefore, a severe graded (30 g, 40 g and 50 g) weight-compression SCI at the Th9 spinal segment, involving an acute mechanical impact followed by 15 min of persistent compression, was studied in adult female Wistar rats. Functional parameters, such as spontaneous recovery of motor hind limb and bladder emptying function, and the presence of hematuria were evaluated within 28 days of the post-traumatic period. The disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, measured by extravasated Evans Blue dye, was examined 24 h after the SCI, when maximum permeability occurs. At the end of the survival period, the degradation of gray and white matter associated with the formation of cystic cavities, and quantitative changes of glial structural proteins, such as GFAP, and integral components of axonal architecture, such as neurofilaments and myelin basic protein, were evaluated in the lesioned area of the spinal cord. Based on these functional and histological parameters, and taking the animal’s welfare into account, the 40 g weight can be considered as an upper limit for severe traumatic injury in this compression model.

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